In this review the two techniques are compared concerning the perioperative mortality, especially in hip surgery, and the effects on neonates after cesarean section. Subsequently, the effects of both general and regional anaesthesia on cardiovascular and cerebral functions, immunocompetence and gastrointestinal complications are stressed considering surgery in both lower and upper part of the body. The meaning of 'stress-free anaesthesia' is discussed. At the present, there is no definitive evidence that either of the two techniques reduces perioperative mortality but regional anaesthesia seems to be better for neonates after cesarean section. The Authors suggest that there is now a better anaesthesia for every patient: the Anaesthetist should choose the best anaesthesia for each patient.