Objective: To define the diffusion and characteristics of the operating microscope (OM) and magnifying tools among expert endodontists (belonging to the Società Italiana di Endodonzia [SIE]) in Italy and in a sample of general dentists of Naples. Materials and methods: Data were collected by electronic mailing of a questionnaire and subsequent phone calls. Results: Among the active members of SIE, the 65,35% possess an OM against the 34,65% that do not, but all members use alternative magnifying systems. Only 7% of generic dentists of Naples use OMs and 74% use magnifying systems, Only 26% work naked-eyed. Conclusions: The diffusion of OM is still limited among general practitioners, but strong evidence is still lacking to support a positive influence of magnification on the outcome of endodontic treatments.