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Costituzione

Authors: Filiberto E. Brozzetti;
Abstract

A constitution is the fundamental norm that founds and organizes the legal order. In a descriptive sense, it denotes the written or unwritten framework that allocates State powers and expresses guiding values; in a prescriptive sense, it requires indispensable content—declarations of rights and separation of powers—without which an order is not truly constitutional. As the junction of social and political realms, the constitution embodies founding choices (ends and values), their dogmatic articulation, and the institutional system that implements them. Historically, liberal charters affirmed negative civil liberties and parliamentary supremacy; twentieth-century “rigid” constitutions elevated constitutional supremacy, entrenched social rights, and instituted judicial review (diffuse or centralized). Debates span Kelsen’s normativism versus Schmitt’s decisionism on the “guardian of the constitution,” originalism versus the living constitution, and the role of a “material constitution” reflecting effective power relations. Finally, constituent power—extra-legal and political—establishes or refounds the order; whether it persists beyond adoption divides Schmitt’s unlimited view from theories claiming the irreversibility of constitutionalism. Contemporary practice demands critical scrutiny and faithful implementation rather than mere formal reverence.

La Costituzione è la norma fondamentale che origina e struttura l’ordinamento. In senso descrittivo indica la cornice, scritta o consuetudinaria, che ripartisce competenze e proclama fini e valori; in senso prescrittivo richiede contenuti imprescindibili—dichiarazione dei diritti e divisione dei poteri—senza i quali un assetto non è propriamente “costituzionale”. Luogo d’intersezione tra sociale e politico, la Costituzione raccoglie finalità, principi e l’architettura istituzionale che li realizza. Storicamente, le Carte liberali affermano libertà negative e supremazia legislativa; nel Novecento le Costituzioni “rigide” consacrano la supremazia costituzionale, i diritti sociali e il controllo di costituzionalità (diffuso o accentrato). Il dibattito oppone il normativismo di Kelsen al decisionismo di Schmitt sul “custode della Costituzione”, l’originalismo alla “Costituzione vivente”, e valorizza l’idea di Costituzione materiale fondata sull’effettività dei rapporti di forza. Centrale è il potere costituente, extra-legale e politico, che istituisce o rifonda l’ordine: se esso permanga oltre l’adozione distingue la prospettiva schmittiana dalle tesi sull’irreversibilità del costituzionalismo. La prassi contemporanea impone un’attenzione critica alla concreta attuazione, oltre l’omaggio formale al testo.

Country
Italy
Keywords

constitutionalism, fundamental norm, judicial review, material constitution, constituent power, costituzionalismo, norma fondamentale, giustizia costituzionale, costituzione materiale, potere costituente, Constitution; constitutionalism; negative liberties and positive liberties; constitutional justice; guardian of the Constitution; originalism and living constitution; formal constitution and real constitution; constituent power and constituted powers., Costituzione; costituzionalismo; libertà positive e libertà negative; giustizia costituzionale; guardiano della Costituzione; originalismo e costituzione vivente; costituzione formale e costituzione materiale; potere costituente e poteri costituiti.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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