In Chapter 4, state of the art in ensuring food control across the supply chain is presented to illustrate the capability of mass spectrometry for food authenticity and traceability assessment, highlighting the power of chemometrics for analyzing data structures from multiple analytical platforms. The features of mass spectrometry coupled to chromatography or as a stand-alone technique for elemental or molecular profiling are summarized for multiplex targeted and nontargeted screening methods. With its success in food authentication and traceability testing, mass spectrometry can facilitate a variety of routine inspection tasks