The article investigates the gender gap in scientific productivity in Italy, using data from a national survey carried out between 2015 and 2016. It allows us to observe the relationship between gender and productivity on a large representative sample of structured academic staff (N = 5,123) in all disciplinary areas and on different types of publications, i.e. monographs, curatorships of edited volumes, essays and articles. The results show that the gender productivity gap is articulated differently by field and type of product: it is more present in disciplines with a greater presence of women, it is more widespread for articles and essays and is conversely limited to the humanities for monographs and curatorships. Some possible interpretations of these results, which are partly unexpected, are discussed starting from the existing literature.