Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) is a method used to assess both beneficial and detrimental social impacts of products or services throughout their entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to final disposal. The objective of the assessment is to explore strategies to improve the product’s overall social performance. S-LCA considers various social aspects, such as labor conditions, human rights, occupational health and safety (OHS), community engagement, and product accountability. Despite the growing interest in S-LCA, the literature about its implementation in manufacturing companies is fragmented, hindering the identification of key trends. This study aims to fill this gap through a literature review, providing a structured overview of the existing research outcomes and future research directions. To achieve this goal, we followed the steps of the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, conducting the search and selection of relevant studies through the Scopus database, obtaining 150 articles regarding case studies of S-LCA implementation in manufacturing companies. Then, we carried out a descriptive analysis, followed by a scientometric analysis; these include the analysis of journal sources, authors, citations, keywords, and geographic distribution to assess their influences in the domain of S-LCA. The examined case studies reveal a growing focus on S-LCA in the manufacturing industry. A significant observation is the emphasis on “workers,” who are the most examined stakeholders across the various studies. OHS emerged as the predominant subcategory of impact, appearing in majority of the studies that focused on workers. By employing various analysis techniques, this review offers a novel contribution to analyze the existing literature on S-LCA within the manufacturing sector, highlighting the major factors of interest in case studies and future research directions. Future research could focus on the characterization and in-depth analysis of case studies, exploring specific areas of the manufacturing sector in more detail.