Arvicola cf. amphibius occurs in most regions of peninsular Italy, showing a rather patchy distribution in central and southern districts. The literature, museum specimens and unpublished data show that the species was once present in coastal areas and in some inland localities of southern Tuscany. Most records date back to 19th century; data for 20th century is scarce and incomplete. The lack of recent reports could be partly due to insufficient research, but the species appears to have disappeared from least some localities where it was known in the past. © 2006, Societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali. All rights reserved.