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17. Yüzyıl İkinci Yarısında Osmanlı Fetva Mecmualarında Çocukluk

Authors: Eser, Haticetül Kübra;

17. Yüzyıl İkinci Yarısında Osmanlı Fetva Mecmualarında Çocukluk

Abstract

The studies on the history of childhood, which started with Philippe Ariès, increase in recent years in our country too. However, the studies of childhood history in the Ottoman Empire would be incomplete if they are not studied through fatawa. In this study aiming to examine the Ottoman childhood history based on the fatawa given by the Ottoman Shaykh al-Islams in the second half of the 17ᵗʰ century; the fatwa compilations "Fatawa al-Ali Efendi" by Çatalcalı Ali Efendi, "Fatawa al-Fevziyye” by Feyzullah Efendi, and "Fatawa al-Abdürrahim" by Menteşzade Abdürrahim Efendi are used. While the fatwas regarding children were in various sections of the fatwa compilations, it is observed that the majority of them are concentrated under the topics related to family law. Particularly, the fatwas concerning family law were detected, and topics like “boundaries of childhood, care and protection of children, and children's marriage” were studied. In this study, the fatwas are shown in contemporary language rather than the transcription of the original texts. It is understood through the recurrence of similar fatwas concerning children throughout the century that certain issues in society were prominent and continuity was maintained.

Philippe Aries ile başlayan çocukluk tarihi çalışmaları son yıllarda ülkemizde de artış göstermektedir. Osmanlı’da çocukluk tarihi çalışmaları fetva mecmuaları üzerinden incelenmediği takdirde eksik kalacaktır. Osmanlı çocukluk tarihini 17. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı Osmanlı şeyhülislamları tarafından verilen fetvalar üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada Çatalcalı Ali Efendi’nin Fetâvâ-yı Ali Efendi, Feyzullah Efendi’nin Fetâvâ-yı Fevziyye ve Menteşzade Abdürrahim Efendi’nin Fetâvâ-yı Abdürrahim adlı fetva mecmuaları kullanılmıştır. Çocuklar hakkında verilen fetvalar, fetva mecmualarının pek çok bölümünde dağılmış bulunurken büyük bir kısmının aile hukukunu ilgilendiren başlıklar altında yoğunlaştığı görülmüştür. Özellikle aile hukuku ile alakalı fetvalar tespit edilmiş, çocukluğun sınırı, çocukların bakımı ve korunması, çocukların evlilikleri ile alakalı fetvalar değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada fetvalar orijinal metnin transkripsiyonu ile aktarılmayıp günümüz dili ile verilmiştir. Yüzyıl içerisinde çocuklar ile alakalı benzer fetvaların tekrar ediyor olmasından toplumdaki birtakım meselelerin gündemde olduğu ve sürekliliğin devam ettiği anlaşılmaktadır.

Country
Turkey
Related Organizations
Keywords

Fatwa Collections, Çocukluk Tarihi, Ottoman, Childhood History, Osmanlı, Çocukluk, Fetva Mecmuaları, Fatwa, Childhood, Fetva

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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