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CONICET Digital
Article . 2009
License: CC BY NC SA
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Los biosurfactantes y la industria petrolera

Authors: Raiger Iustman, Laura Judith; López, Nancy Irene;

Los biosurfactantes y la industria petrolera

Abstract

El petróleo es un elemento clave para las actividades humanas como fuente de energía y como materia prima para la producción de diversos compuestos. Dos de los grandes problemas que la industria petrolera enfrenta son, por un lado, la contaminación que ella misma produce y por el otro, la baja eficiencia en la extracción del petróleo de sus reservorios naturales. Una de las técnicas de remediación de sitios contaminados se basa en el uso de microorganismos capaces de degradar el petróleo y sus derivados mediante la utilización de distintas estrategias tales como la bioaumentación o la bioestimulación. Sin embargo, la naturaleza hidrofóbica de los hidrocarburos hace que estos compuestos sean poco accesibles y se adhieran fuertemente a las moléculas del suelo o sedimentos en ambientes acuáticos. Tanto para favorecer la degradación como para facilitar su extracción de los yacimientos, es importante aumentar su movilización y su solubilización en medios acuosos, y para ello se propone el uso de compuestos tensioactivos (surfactantes). Algunos microorganismos poseen la capacidad de sintetizar este tipo de compuestos, denominados biosurfactantes. Los biosurfactantes presentan varias ventajas con respecto a los surfactantes químicos, entre ellas su biodegradabilidad, baja toxicidad, biocompatibilidad, especificidad y la amplia variedad de estructuras químicas disponibles. Estas características han permitido, en los últimos años, el desarrollo de técnicas de remediación y de recuperacion asistida del petróleo residual que incluyen el uso de biosurfactantes, tanto a escala de laboratorio como a campo.

Oil is a key element for human activities as an energy source and as feedstock for the production of several compounds. Two major problems from the oil industry are, on one hand, the pollution it produces and on the other, the low efficiency in the oil extraction from their natural reservoirs. One of the techniques for contaminated sites remediation is based on the use of microorganisms capable of degrading petroleum and its derivatives. However, the hydrophobic nature of oil makes these compounds not available to the degrading organisms. To promote degradation and to facilitate removal of the deposits, it is important to increase their mobilization and solubilization in aqueous media, and for this, the use of tensoactive compounds (surfactants) has been proposed. Some microorganisms have the ability to synthesize biosurfactants. The biosurfactants have several advantages over the chemical ones: biodegradability, low toxicity, biocompatibility, specificity and a wide variety of chemical structures. These features have allowed, in recent years, the development of remediation and residual oil recovery techniques involving the use of biosurfactants.

Fil: Raiger Iustman, Laura Judith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina

Fil: López, Nancy Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

Biorremediacion, Petroleo, Biosurfactantes, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6, Recuperacion Asistida de Petroleo, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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