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Doctoral thesis . 2018
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Biorremediación de suelos contaminados con Cr(VI) y lindano por actinobacterias

Authors: Aparicio, Juan Daniel;

Biorremediación de suelos contaminados con Cr(VI) y lindano por actinobacterias

Abstract

La co-contaminación ambiental es uno de los grandes problemas que enfrenta actualmente la humanidad a causa del avance tecnológico y el crecimiento poblacional. Particularmente, se ha detectado co-contaminación con Cr(VI) y lindano alrededor del mundo. En este sentido, la biorremediación empleando actinobacterias demostró ser una alternativa promisoria para la depuración de estos sitios. Además, el uso de consorcios microbianos resulta prometedor al incrementar las rutas metabólicas de remoción. Sin embargo, la biorremediación depende de diversos factores y sus interacciones, por lo que podría incrementarse la efectividad del proceso mediante la optimización de los parámetros intervinientes. Otro de los aspectos importantes del proceso es la verificación de la efectividad del método aplicado, la cual podría lograrse mediante la monitorización analítica y biológica de la biorremediación.En base a lo expuesto, se planteó como objetivo del presente trabajo de Tesis Doctoral optimizar la biorremediación de suelos contaminados con Cr(VI) y lindano utilizando actinobacterias. Inicialmente, se evaluó la remoción de Cr(VI) y lindano en medio de cultivo líquido y en suelo no estéril (SNE), utilizando cultivos simples y mixtos de las actinobacterias Streptomyces sp. M7, MC1, A5 y Amycolatopsis tucumanensis AB0. En medio líquido, el cultivo simple de Streptomyces sp. MC1 y el consorcio cuádruple obtuvieron la mayor remoción de ambos contaminantes, mientras que en SNE, el cultivo simple de Streptomyces sp. M7 y el consorcio cuádruple lograron los mejores perfiles de remoción de Cr(VI) y lindano. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos en SNE (matriz con la cual se continuó el estudio), se seleccionó el cultivo simple de Streptomyces sp. M7 y el consorcio cuádruple para determinar las condiciones óptimas de biorremediación. Luego de determinar las concentraciones óptimas de inóculo de Streptomyces sp. M7 y del consorcio cuádruple (1 y 2 g kg-1, respectivamente), se estudió la influencia de las concentraciones iniciales de los contaminantes, la temperatura y la humedad. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño factorial completo 24. Debido a que la actividad del consorcio cuádruple durante el proceso fue más predecible y presentó mayor homogeneidad de respuesta, éste fue seleccionado para los estudios posteriores. Además, se comprobó la sobrevida de las actinobacterias del consorcio cuádruple al finalizar el ensayo de biorremediación, empleando estudios bioquímicos y moleculares. Mediante un optimizador de respuesta se determinaron las condiciones óptimas de temperatura y humedad para la biorremediación dependiendo de las concentraciones iniciales de los contaminantes. Éstas fueron empleadas para tratar siete muestras reales de suelos del NOA contaminadas con Cr(VI) y/o lindano, de las cuales el consorcio cuádruple logró biorremediar eficientemente seis. Finalmente, se realizaron bioensayos ecotoxicológicos sobre cuatro especies vegetales (Raphanus sativus, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum y Zea mays) y una animal (Eisenia fetida). En base a la sensibilidad de las especies y sus bioindicadores frente a ambos tóxicos, Lycopersicon esculentum y Eisenia fetida fueron las especies seleccionadas para evaluar la efectividad de la biorremediación. De esta manera se confirmó el éxito de la biorremediación llevada a cabo por el consorcio cuádruple mediante la reversión de los efectos adversos causados por los contaminantes.

Nowadays, co-pollution is one of the major problems that humanity is facing because of technological advances and population growth. In particular, co-contamination with Cr(VI) and lindane has been detected around the world. In this sense, bioremediation employing actinobacteria proved to be a promising alternative for the treatment of these sites. In addition, the use of microbial consortia is a promising biotechnological tool by increasing the metabolic pathways of removal. However, bioremediation depends on various factors and their interactions, so that the effectiveness of the process could be increased by optimizing the intervening parameters. Another important aspect of the process is the verification of the applied method effectiveness, which could be achieved by analytical and biological monitoring of bioremediation. Based on the above, it was proposed as the objective of the present Doctoral Thesis to optimize the bioremediation of soils contaminated with Cr(VI) and lindane by actinobacteria. Initially, the removal of Cr(VI) and lindane in artificially contaminated liquid medium and non-sterile soil (NSS) was evaluated employing simple and mixed cultures of the actinobacteria Streptomyces sp. M7, MC1, A5, and Amycolatopsis tucumanensis AB0. In liquid medium, the simple culture of Streptomyces sp. MC1 and the quadruple consortium achieved the largest removal of both contaminants, while in NSS, the single culture of Streptomyces sp. M7 and the quadruple consortium achieved the best removal profiles. Taking into account the results obtained in NSS (matrix selected for the subsequent studies), the simple culture of Streptomyces sp. M7 and the quadruple consortium were selected to determine the optimal bioremediation conditions in artificially co-contaminated NSS. After determining the optimal inoculum concentrations of Streptomyces sp. M7 and the quadruple consortium (1 and 2 g kg-1, respectively), the influence of the initial concentrations of contaminants, temperature, and humidity was studied. For this purpose, a complete factorial design 24 was used. Since the mixed culture activity during the process was more predictable and with greater response homogeneity, this culture was selected for subsequent studies. In addition, the survival of the actinobacteria constituents of the quadruple consortium was successfully confirmed employing biochemical and molecular approaches. With a response optimizer, the optimum conditions of temperature and humidity were determined for the bioremediation depending on the initial contaminants concentrations. These were used to treat seven soil samples from NOA region actually contaminated with Cr(VI) and/or lindane. The quadruple consortium was able to efficiently bioremediate six of the seven samples. Finally, toxicity bioassays were performed on four plant species (Raphanus sativus, Lactuca sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum and Zea mays) and one animal species (Eisenia fetida). Based on the sensitivity of the species and their bioindicators against both toxics, Lycopersicon esculentum and Eisenia fetida were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of the bioremediation process. In this way, the success of the bioremediation carried out by the quadruple consortium was confirmed by reversing the adverse effects caused by the contaminants.

Fil: Aparicio, Juan Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.8, Cr(Vi), Lindano, Actinobacterias, Suelo, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2, Biorremediación

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green