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Potencial de enfriamiento pasivo de los materiales de la envolvente urbana : Índice de reflectancia solar de pavimentos peatonales y tejas

Authors: Alchapar, Noelia; Correa Cantaloube, Erica Norma; Lesino, Graciela;

Potencial de enfriamiento pasivo de los materiales de la envolvente urbana : Índice de reflectancia solar de pavimentos peatonales y tejas

Abstract

Las superficies selladas en el área urbana representan un enorme impacto en torno al aumento de las temperaturas, propiciando la formación de la isla de calor. En un espacio urbano tipo, donde los pavimentos constituyen el 40% y los techos el 22 % del área cubierta, mitigar los efectos negativos de la urbanización sobre los recursos energéticos y ambientales de las ciudades es uno de los desafíos que afronta la actual generación de científicos y profesionales. Las cubiertas y pisos son las superficies opacas horizontales más expuestas, y por lo tanto, son los que absorben la mayor carga térmica de una estructura edilicia. El objetivo general de este trabajo es categorizar los distintos materiales presentes en la envolvente de acuerdo a su habilidad para disminuir las temperaturas urbanas. Esta categorización se ha llevado a cabo mediante el cálculo del Índice de Reflectancia Solar (SRI) de acuerdo a la norma ASTM E1980. Se clasificaron 38 tipos de pavimento peatonales y 16 tipos de tejas de mayor difusión en el mercado local. Los resultados demuestran que una superficie con alta reflectancia solar y emitancia infrarroja que está expuesto a la radiación solar tendrá un mayor valor de SRI, y por lo tanto mayor eficiencia para mitigar los efectos negativos ICU, en comparación con una superficie similar con un menor albedo y emisividad. Es decir que es posible mejorar el desempeño térmico de la envolvente mediante la selección adecuada de la forma, color, composición y acabado de los materiales.

Sealed surfaces in urban areas represent a huge impact around the rising temperatures and they lead to the formation of the heat island. In an urban type space, where the floors are 40% and 22% of the roof area covered, mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on energy and environmental resources of cities is one of the challenges facing by the current generation of scientists and professionals. The roof and floors are the horizontal opaque surfaces most exposed, therefore they absorb the most heat load of a building structure. The main objetive of this paper is to categorize the different materials present in the envelope according to their ability to lower urban temperatures. This categorization has been carried out by calculating the Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) according to ASTM e1980. There were 38 pedestrian pavement types and 16 types of tiles classified present in the local market. The results show that an area with high solar reflectance and infrared emittance exposed to sunlight have a greater value of SRI, therefore it is more efficient to mitigate the negative effects UHI, compared to a similar area with a lower albedo and emissivity. This means that you can improve the thermal performance of the envelope with the proper selection of the shape, color, composition and finishing materials.

Fil: Lesino, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina

Fil: Correa Cantaloube, Erica Norma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina

Fil: Alchapar, Noelia Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

índice de reflectancia solar, Índice de reflectancia solar, Envolventes urbanas, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.7, Isla de calor, isla de calor, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2, Arquitectura, envolventes urbanas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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