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Estrategias de enfriamiento pasivo urbano: índice de reflectancia solar y relación costo- beneficio en pinturas para fachadas

Authors: Alchapar, Noelia; Correa Cantaloube, Erica Norma; Lesino, Graciela;

Estrategias de enfriamiento pasivo urbano: índice de reflectancia solar y relación costo- beneficio en pinturas para fachadas

Abstract

Las superficies urbanas presentan valores de albedo menores que el medio natural, esto trae como consecuencia una mayor absorción de energía y de almacenamiento de calor; este efecto contribuye a la formación del fenómeno de isla de calor urbana. Una estrategia de enfriamiento pasivo que resulta efectiva y de bajo costo es la aplicación de pinturas reflectivas sobre las superficies de la envolvente edilicia. El objeto de éste estudio es seleccionar la opción adecuada para reducir el consumo anual de energía asociado a las cargas de enfriamiento en relación a los costos de inversión inicial que cada alternativa conlleva. Para ello se evaluó el potencial de reducción de la carga térmica de 15 muestras de pinturas para fachadas de composición látex acrílico e impermeables de diferentes costos de inversión inicial por litro en comparación al comportamiento de una pintura atérmica de amplia difusión en el parque edilicio de la ciudad de Mendoza, Argentina. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante la determinación de reflectancia solar y la temperatura superficial, con respecto a un patrón blanco y uno negro, definido como Índice de Reflectancia Solar (SRI) de acuerdo a la norma ASTM E1980. Los resultados demuestran que para un mismo tipo y color de pintura se registraron diferencias de temperatura superficial entre los casos evaluados del orden de 6 ºK para pinturas impermeables y de 5ºK para las composiciones acrílicas. Además se constata que el costo económico no es un indicador proporcional al potencial de disminución de la carga térmica que presenta la pintura, ya que el recubrimiento de mayor nivel de SRI pertenece a una gama de precio estándar.

Urban surfaces have albedo values lower than the natural environment, these results in greater energy absorption and heat storage which contributes to the formation of the urban heat island phenomenon. A passive cooling strategy that is effective and low cost, is the application of reflective paint on the off buildings´ surfaces. The purpose of this study is to select the appropriate option to reduce annual energy consumption associated with cooling loads in relation to the initial investment costs of each alternative entails. For this, we evaluated the potential for passive cooling of 15 samples of paints for facades. The paint´s samples are acrylic or waterproof latex composition of different initial investment costs per liter compared to the behavior of an athermal painting widely available in the park of buildings of the city of Mendoza, Argentina. The study was conducted by measuring solar reflectance and surface temperature regarding a white and a black pattern, defined as Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) according to ASTM E1980. The results show that for the same type and color of paint were recorded surface temperature differences between the cases evaluated in the order of 6 K waterproof paint and 5 K for acrylic compositions. It also notes that the economic cost is not a proportional indicator to the cooling potential of painting, since the coating with higher levels of SRI is in a range of standard price.

Fil: Lesino, Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentina

Fil: Correa Cantaloube, Erica Norma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina

Fil: Alchapar, Noelia Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.7, Índice de reflectancia solar, Relación costo-beneficio, Facades coatings, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.5, Behavior thermal, Cost- benefice, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2, Solar reflectance index, Comportamiento térmico, Arquitectura, Pinturas para exteriores

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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