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Article . 2015
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El Espionaje Masivo como un (nuevo) Crimen de Agresión

Authors: Zaffaroni, Eugenio Raúl; Croxatto, Guido Leonardo;

El Espionaje Masivo como un (nuevo) Crimen de Agresión

Abstract

El objetivo central del presente trabajo es abordar de un modo crítico un tipo penal presente en el Estatuto de Roma, que se mantuvo, sin embargo, casi una década (2002-2010) como un tipo penal abierto, hasta su definición en la Conferencia de Kampala, en Uganda, en 2010: el crimen de agresión. Se pretende llevar adelante una lectura crítica de la definición alcanzada en Uganda, mostrando que la misma es notoriamente insuficiente, porque no alcanza de modo eficiente a cubrir las formas que la agresión cobra en el siglo XXI, con los enormes avances de la tecnología, avances que condicionan y determinan –de un modo claro y profundo– las nuevas formas que la agresión cobra en el plano internacional. Estos avances condicionan de modo profundo también la forma en que pensamos y preservamos la privacidad y sobre todo la forma en que la misma es (o debiera ser) pensada y preservada por los Estados. De este modo, se espera sostener que, bajo el formato actual, el tipo penal presente en el Estatuto de Roma sirve para concentrarse solo en las agresiones más toscas o precarias (o “tradicionales”), que son cometidas en general por Estados menos –o poco– desarrollados económicamente (como muchos países de África, sobre los cuales se concentra casi exclusivamente la actividad de la Corte Penal Internacional, como ha sido cuestionado por diversos autores, como Danilo Zolo), siendo funcional al ejercicio de la jurisdicción concentrada en países pobres (o emergentes), pero dejando de lado, en una forma de doble estándar (tan común en el derecho internacional), las formas más evolucionadas o refinadas de la “agresión”, dejando impunes (como ha sido la tendencia histórica) las agresiones de los Estados –países, economías– más poderosos. Se espera analizar también en este trabajo las distintas formas que adoptan los mecanismos de control en las sociedades actuales.

The aim of this paper is to address in a critical manner a penal type present in the Rome Statute, that was kept open for over a decade (2002- 2010) until its definition in the Kampala Conference in Uganda in 2010: the crime of aggression. Our objective is to disect with a critical eye the definition reached in Uganda, showing that it is unsufficient since it doesn’t cover the forms of aggression of the XXI century, i. e. the technological innovations, which determine the new forms of aggression in an international level. They also determine the way in which we think and preserve privacy and how it is (or should be) protected by countries. Under the current status, the penal type present in the Rome Statute concentrates only on the traditional forms committed by developing countries (such as Africa), being functional to the exercise of concentrated jurisdiction in poor countries, but setting aside, as a form of double standard (so common in international law), the more refined or evolved forms of aggression, leaving unpunished the aggressions of more powerful States, countries and economies. This paper analyzes the different ways the mechanisms of control adopt in modern societies.

Fil: Croxatto, Guido Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Fil: Zaffaroni, Eugenio Raúl. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5.5, Crimen de Agresión, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5, Estatuto de Roma, Espionaje, Corte Penal Internacional

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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