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Article . 2014
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Memoria espacial e hipocampo en taxistas londinenses

Authors: Martino, Pablo; Cervigni, Mauricio Alejandro; Stelzer, Florencia; Tafet, Gustavo;

Memoria espacial e hipocampo en taxistas londinenses

Abstract

Introducción. El impacto de la actividad ocupacional y/o profesional sobre el cerebro encuentra sustento en la capacidad del sistema nervioso para modificar su estructura y función, fenómeno denominado plasticidad cerebral. Los taxistas londinenses han permitido examinar dicho suceso. Esto se debe a las exigencias neurocognitivas específicas de la mencionada profesión tanto en el proceso de formación como en la conducción posterior diaria a través de la compleja ciudad de Londres. Objetivo. Revisar estudios empíricos vinculados a taxistas londinenses abordando las variables memoria espacial y la estructura del hipocampo, permitiendo determinar los aportes y limitaciones de esta línea de investigación en el entendimiento de la plasticidad cerebral y en el ejercicio de la rehabilitación neuropsicológica. Desarrollo. Los trabajos revisados coinciden en señalar que las demandas mnésicas espaciales de la conducción en los taxistas londinenses afectan la estructura del hipocampo, con un aumento del volumen de materia gris en su porción posterior y una disminución en su porción anterior. También se reportaron modificaciones en el rendimiento de procesos mnésicos específicos, incrementando el recuerdo asociado a sitios londinenses y en detrimento de la formación de nuevas memorias espaciales. Conclusiones. Los estudios efectuados a taxistas londinenses constituyen un modelo paradigmático en neurociencias para la comprensión de la plasticidad cerebral, haciendo uso de diseños con validez ecológica. Por otro lado se plantean algunos interrogantes necesarios para una adecuada capitalización de sus resultados en el ámbito de la estimulación y rehabilitación neuropsicológica.

Introduction. The impact of occupational and / or professional activity on the brain finds support in the nervous system's ability to change its structure and function, a phenomenon known as brain plasticity. London taxi drivers have allowed to discuss that event. This is due to the specific neurocognitive demands of the above mentioned profession both in the process of formation as in the subsequent daily driving through the complex city of London. Objective. Review of empirical studies linked to London taxi drivers by addressing the spatial memory variables and the structure of the hippocampus, to determine the contributions and limitations of this line of research in the understanding of brain plasticity and the exercise of the neuropsychological rehabilitation. Development. The revised studies have noted that spatial mnemonic demands of driving in london taxi drivers affect the structure of the hippocampus, with an increase in the volume of gray matter in their posterior portion and a decrease in its anterior portion. There were also reported changes in the performance of specific memory processes, increasing the memory associated with London sites, and at the expense of the formation of new spatial memories. Conclusions. The studies conducted to London taxi drivers are a paradigmatic model in neuroscience for the understanding of brain plasticity, using ecologically valid designs. On the other hand some necessary questions arise for an adequate capitalization of the results in the field of stimulation and neuropsychological rehabilitation.

Fil: Cervigni, Mauricio Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Psicología. Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro de Investigación En Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Fil: Stelzer, Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología. Centro De Investigación en Procesos Básicos, Metodologías y Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Fil: Martino, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Psicología. Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro de Investigación En Neurociencias; Argentina

Fil: Tafet, Gustavo. Universidad Maimónides; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

Aprendizaje, Conductores Profesionales, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5.1, Neurociencia Cognitiva, Plasticidad Cerebral, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green