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Article . 2004
License: CC BY NC SA
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Psicopatología y cerebro: desde los demonios a los neurotransmisores

Authors: Freidin, Esteban; Fernández, Gerardo; Pitón, Daniel;

Psicopatología y cerebro: desde los demonios a los neurotransmisores

Abstract

Las enfermedades mentales fueron y son un problema de relevancia social, cuya conceptualización ha variado en diferentes momentos y contextos históricos. Sin embargo, desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, la idea de que los procesos mentales, tanto normales como anormales, son procesos llevados a cabo por el cerebro, comenzó a fortalecerse con hallazgos científicos que argumentaron en su favor. Desde un punto de vista terapéutico, hacia 1970, se dieron grandes progresos en la psiquiatría con el estallido de la psicofarmacología, y, durante el siglo XX, se idearon un conjunto de técnicas terapéuticas derivadas de los principios generales del condicionamiento que evidenciaron gran eficacia en el cambio de la conducta, los pensamientos y las emociones de las personas afectadas por algunos problemas mentales específicos. En este artículo se exploran algunos de los estudios que han aportado evidencias acerca de la neurobiología de ciertos trastornos psicopatológicos, y a su vez, se hace referencia a algunas investigaciones que muestran que, tanto los psicofármacos como la psicoterapia, al obtener reversiones en los síntomas de los pacientes, modifican también aspectos específicos de su funcionamiento cerebral.

Mental disorders have always been a matter of social importance, and the way they have been conceptualized has varied in diverse historical times and contexts. However, since the second half of the 19th century, the idea that mental processes, either normal or abnormal ones, are brain processes, began to grow with scientific facts in its favor. From a therapeutic point of view, in the 1970s, psychiatry experienced a big progress with the development of psychopharmachology, and during the 20th century, psychologists developed some therapeutic technics derived from conditioning principles, which have resulted of great efficiency in changing mental illness patients´ behavior, thoughts, and emotions. In this article, we explore some studies that have contributed to the understanding of the neurobiology of mental disorders, and besides, we mention some researches which showed that while psychopharmachology and psychology achieve improvements in patients´ sympthoms, they also modify the fuctioning of their brains.

Fil: Freidin, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina

Fil: Fernández, Gerardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina

Fil: Pitón, Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3.5, psicopatologia, neurociencias, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/3, cerebro, psicoterapia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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