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Almacenamiento y transporte de hidrógeno

Authors: Amica, Guillermina; Gennari, Fabiana Cristina; Meyer, Gabriel Omar;

Almacenamiento y transporte de hidrógeno

Abstract

En la actualidad, los centros de producción de hidrógeno generalmente no cuentan con una infraestructura cohesiva que también permita distribuirlo. El 85% del hidrógeno que se produce en el mundo es consumido in-situ, es decir, se lo produce y se lo emplea en el mismo polo industrial en diversos procesos que lo requieren como materia prima y solo el 15% restante es transportado para diversos usos. En este apartado se presentan y analizan las diferentes alternativas tecnológicas para el transporte de hidrógeno, teniendo en cuenta que, a medida que aumenta la demanda de hidrógeno como vector energético, será necesaria una mejor integración de la cadena de producción de hidrógeno para garantizar que se mantenga un suministro rentable, sólido y ambientalmente eficiente. La decisión de cual opción de distribución es la más adecuada responde tanto al perfil de la demanda como a su ubicación respecto a la oferta. Esto significa que las principales variables que determinan la elección de la tecnología a emplear para transportar hidrógeno son la distancia y el caudal requerido, así como también entra en juego la velocidad requerida de descarga, cuestiones geográficas y el fin que se le dará al hidrógeno en destino. Dado que el abordaje resulta muy diferente, la primera gran distinción necesaria para comenzar el análisis es considerar, por un lado, las alternativas para transportar hidrógeno destinado mayoritariamente a consumo interno que implica distancias relativamente cortas y, por otro lado, el transporte relacionado con el comercio internacional a través de distancias muy largas.

Currently, hydrogen production centres generally do not have a cohesive infrastructure that also allows for its distribution. 85% of the hydrogen produced in the world is consumed on-site, that is, it is produced and used in the same industrial centre in various processes that require it as a raw material and only the remaining 15% is transported for various uses. In this section, the different technological alternatives for the transport of hydrogen are presented and analysed, taking into account that, as the demand for hydrogen as an energy vector increases, a better integration of the hydrogen production chain will be necessary to ensure that a profitable, robust and environmentally efficient supply is maintained. The decision on which distribution option is the most suitable responds to both the demand profile and its location with respect to the supply. This means that the main variables that determine the choice of the technology to be used to transport hydrogen are the distance and the flow rate required, as well as the required discharge speed, geographical issues and the purpose for which the hydrogen will be used at its destination. Since the approach is very different, the first major distinction needed to begin the analysis is to consider, on the one hand, the alternatives for transporting hydrogen intended mainly for domestic consumption, which involves relatively short distances, and on the other hand, transport related to international trade over very long distances.

Fil: Gennari, Fabiana Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina

Fil: Meyer, Gabriel Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina

Fil: Amica, Guillermina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

ALMACENAMIENTO, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.7, TRANSPORTE, HIDRÓGENO, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/2

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green