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Article . 2024
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Partidismo negativo: Implicaciones ético políticas en la transición a la ‘polarización afectiva’

Authors: Suárez, Ernesto Joaquín;

Partidismo negativo: Implicaciones ético políticas en la transición a la ‘polarización afectiva’

Abstract

Si bien es posible argumentar que la polarización política no es negativa en sí misma, sí lo es cuando deviene en una "polarización afectiva‟, es decir, cuando en el debate político la toma de decisión racional y el cotejo de evidencias quedan subordinados a una constante predominancia de sesgos cognitivos y apelaciones de orden emocional. Este tipo de polarización posee impacto en, por lo menos, dos órdenes: a nivel político, el alto grado de rechazo hacia el partido opositor dificulta, e incluso impide desde un principio, la posibilidad de algún tipo de acuerdo o coincidencia; a nivel ético, se habilitan ciertas "licencias morales‟ para con los miembros del polo opuesto, es decir, niveles de agresividad que no serían admisibles para con los miembros intragrupales. Una de las causas centrales en el aumento de la polarización afectiva es el "partidismo negativo‟, esto es, una repulsión de tipo afectivo hacia el partido externo que, a nivel de las identidades ideológica y partidista, puede llegar a ser incluso más relevante que el apego al partido propio. En este artículo se profundizará en sus características, fenómenos asociados e implicaciones ético políticas.

Although it is possible to argue that political polarization is not negative in itself, it is when it becomes “affective polarization”, that is, when in political debate rational decision-making and the collation of evidence are subordinated to a constant predominance of cognitive biases and emotional appeals. This type of polarization has an impact on at least two levels: at the political level, the high degree of rejection towards the opposition party makes it difficult, and even prevents from the beginning, the possibility of some type of agreement or coincidence; At an ethical level, certain “moral licenses” are enabled with members of the opposite pole, that is, levels of aggressiveness that would not be admissible with intragroup members. One of the central causes in the increase in affective polarization is “negative partisanship”, that is, an emotional repulsion towards the external party that, at the level of ideological and partisan identities, can become even more relevant than attachment to one's own party. This article will delve into its characteristics, associated phenomena and ethical- political implications.

Fil: Suárez, Ernesto Joaquín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

POLARIZCIÓN AFECTIVA, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.3, POLARIZACIÓN POLÍTICA, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6, INDIGNACIÓN MORAL, DESHUMANIZACIÓN

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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