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Tecnología y ciencias del agua
Article . 2014
Data sources: DOAJ
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CONICET Digital
Article . 2014
License: CC BY NC SA
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Transferencia de sedimentos de una microcuenca a la red de drenaje urbano

Authors: Mendez, Guillermo José; Depettris, Carlos Alberto; Pilar, Jorge Victor; Orfeo, Oscar; Ruberto, Alejandro Ricardo;

Transferencia de sedimentos de una microcuenca a la red de drenaje urbano

Abstract

Los datos referentes a las tasas de generación y movilización de sedimentos en áreas urbanas son exiguos. Esto se debe a la complejidad del fenómeno y, especialmente, a su variabilidad. En este artículo se abordan tres aspectos: (1) la tasa anual de sedimento que genera una microcuenca durante tres años; (2) qué precipitaciones provocan mayores valores, y (3) cómo afectan las condiciones hidrológicas antecedentes de la cuenca en la carga de lavado de la escorrentía. Se monitoreó un microcuenca de la ciudad de Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina, de 4.76 ha y uso residencial, desde septiembre de 2009 hasta marzo de 2010. Se calibró un modelo hidrológico bajo el programa SWMM 5.0 y se trazaron curvas claves de sedimentos. Con esto y con las precipitaciones diarias de los años 2007/08; 2008/09 y 2009/10 se pudo obtener la carga anual de sedimentos trasportados por la escorrentía urbana durante el periodo de análisis. Las cargas anuales de sedimentos transportadas oscilaron entre 0.8 y 1.40 t/ha. Los mayores valores se registraron en el periodo de septiembre a diciembre de cada año, en el que se transporta el 60% del total anual. Se concluye que existe una fuerte incidencia de los volúmenes de escurrimiento en las cargas de sedimentos, donde las áreas más impermeables son capaces de generar importantes caudales líquidos y, por tanto, mayores cargas de sedimentos que las zonas permeables. Los resultados obtenidos fueron coherentes con las mediciones, por tanto es factible cuantificar el aporte de sedimentos de cuencas urbanas al drenaje pluvial.

Little data exists on sediment generation and transport rates in urban areas. This is due to the complexity of the phenomenon and, in particular, its variability. Three factors are investigated in this article: (1) annual sediment rate generated in a micro-basin over three years, (2) determination of the precipitations resulting in the highest values and (3) how prior hydrological conditions in the basin affect the sediment load in runoff. A basin in the city of Resistencia, in Chaco, Argentina, was monitored (4.76 ha with residential use) from September 2009 to March 2010. A hydrological model was calibrated with the SWMM program 5.0 and the primary sediment curves were drawn. With this and daily precipitation data for the years 2007/2008, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 the annual sediment load transported by urban runoff was obtained for the analysis period. These ranged from 0.8 to 1.40 t/ha. The highest values documented occurred from September to December of each year, during which 60% of the load was trasnported. It is concluded that there is a strong incidence of volume runoff of sediment loads, where the most impermeable areas generate large flows and, therefore, higher sediment loads than permeable areas. The results obtained were consistent with the measurements and, therefore, quantification of sediments in pluvial drainage in urban basins is feasible.

Fil: Orfeo, Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Argentina

Fil: Ruberto, Alejandro Ricardo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina

Fil: Depettris, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina

Fil: Mendez, Guillermo José. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina

Fil: Pilar, Jorge Victor. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, SEDIMENTOS, sedimentos, drenaje urbano, cuencas de llanura, Hydraulic engineering, CUENCAS DE LLANURA, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5, DRENAJE URBANO, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1, TC1-978, TD201-500

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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