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CONICET Digital
Article . 2012
License: CC BY NC SA
Data sources: CONICET Digital
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CONICET Digital
Article . 2012
License: CC BY NC SA
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¿Afecta la frecuencia de uso al procesamiento de estructuras sintácticas? Un estudio de potenciales evocados

Authors: Tabullo, Angel Javier; Sevilla, Yamila Alejandra; Yorio, Alberto; Segura, Enrique Teodoro; Zanutto, Bonifacio Silvano; Wainselboim, Alejandro Javier;

¿Afecta la frecuencia de uso al procesamiento de estructuras sintácticas? Un estudio de potenciales evocados

Abstract

Las teorías clásicas del procesamiento gramatical proponen un sistema combinatorio discreto que aplica reglas de tipo algebraicas al análisis sintáctico. El P600, un potencial evocado elicitado por anomalías de tipo sintácticas, es considerado un relfejo del costo de procesamiento asociado al proceso de análisis. Una posiblidad alternativa es que la estructura sintáctica se procese como un mapeo probabilístico de la co-ocurrencia entre las distntas categorías de palabras. Las teorías clásicas predicen que combinaciones gramticales e infrecuentes de palabras no evocarán un P600; mientras que las teorías probabilísticas predicen que las combinaciones infrecuentes de palabras serán procesadas de manera similar a las no gramaticales. El presente estudio comparó posibles efectos de frecuencia y gramaticalidad en los potenciales evocados durante el procesamiento sintáctico. Se emplearon tres verbos, seguidos por dos estructuras con diferentes frecuencias de uso: a) Cláusula de Infinitivo (CI, ca. 80%); o Cláusula de Complementante (CC, ca. 20%). Se presentaron cuatro tipos de oraciones: Gramaticales Frecuentes (GF), Gramaticales Infrecuentes (GI), Violación sintáctica de GF, Violación sintáctica de GI. Se observó un componente positivo tardío para las oraciones infrecuentes, siendo este efecto más temprano en las gramaticales (600-800 ms)que en las violaciones sintácticas (800-1000 ms). Adicionalmente, las violaciones sintácticas generaron positividades mayores (800-1200 ms). LA topografía del efecto de frecuencia fue más frontal, mientras que el efecto de gramaticalidad fue más posterior. Nuestros resultados sugieren que ele componente P600 podría reflejar procesos probabilísticos, pero no descartan un solapamiento parcial entre éstos mecanismos y la aplicación de reglas sintácticas.

Classic theories of grammar processing propose a discrete combinatorial system that applies algebraic-like rules to syntax parsing. An ERP elicited by syntactic anomalies, the P600 is considered an index of parsing processing demands. An alternative possibility is that syntax structure is processed as a probabilistic mapping of cooccurrences between word categories. Classic theories predict that grammatical but infrequent sentences will not elicit a P600, while probabilistic theories propose that infrequent word-combinations will be processed in a similar way to ungrammatical sentences. The present study compared potential frequency and grammaticality ERP effects during syntax processing. Three verbs were employed which could be followed by two structures with different frequencies of use: a) Infinitival clause (IC, 80%) and b) Complement clause (CC, 20%). Four types of sentences were shown: Frequent Grammatical (FG), Infrequent Grammatical (IG), syntax violation of FG, syntax violation of IG. A late positive component was observed after infrequent sentences, being earlier in grammatical sentences (600-800 ms) than in syntax violations (800-1000 ms). Additionally, syntax violations elicited larger positivities (800-1200 ms). The topography of the frequency effect was more frontal, while the grammaticality effect was more posterior. Our results suggest that P600 component could be reflecting probabilistic processing, but do not rule out a partial overlapping between these mechanisms and syntax rule application.

Fil: Wainselboim, Alejandro Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina

Fil: Zanutto, Bonifacio Silvano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina

Fil: Segura, Enrique Teodoro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina

Fil: Tabullo, Angel Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina

Fil: Iorio, Alberto Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina

Fil: Sevilla, Yamila Alejandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Instituto de Linguística; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

LENGUAJE, LANGUAGE, sintaxis, reglas, MAPEO PROBABILÍSTICO, COMBINACIONES GRAMATICALES, PROCESAMIENTO GRAMATICAL, SINTAXIS, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5.1, Lenguaje, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6, RULES, P600, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green