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Article . 2022
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Ciclo del agua en una industria de la cuenca lechera Mar y Sierras (Argentina)

Authors: Corengia, Maria Candelaria; Barranquero, Rosario Soledad; Cortelezzi, Agustina;

Ciclo del agua en una industria de la cuenca lechera Mar y Sierras (Argentina)

Abstract

The objective of this work is to analyze the water cycle in a dairy factory from Mar y Sierras dairy basin (Argentina) and to identify the critical environmental points related to the generation of liquid effluents in it. For this, we followed the procedures of the diagnostic environmental audit, based on a combination of evidence: secondary sources, direct observation of the establishment and the productive activity, estimation of the volume of water used and of the liquid effluents generated in a typical production day, physical-chemical and bacteriological analysis of drinking water and generated effluents, and interviews with a key informant to corroborate the information obtained. The washing of the draining table and the floors was identified as the most important consumption of water in the factory (31% of the daily water consumption) and the generation of whey during molding as the most problematic point of the generation of liquid effluents. In a typical day of production, 4,246 liters of water are used and 4,847 liters of liquid effluents are generated. It was estimated that for each liter of milk processed, 0.9 liters of water are used, which indicates the efficiency of the use of the resource in the factory. It was determined that the liquid effluents do not have the physicochemical or bacteriological quality required by the provincial regulations for their discharge into water bodies. Therefore, reflection was made on possible ways of saving or revaluing the water involved in the production process, as well as on measures aimed at improving the effluent that is discharged into the stream. These proposals are considered adequate to improve the efficiency of water use and liquid effluent management in other cheese factories that pose similar problems.

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar el ciclo del agua en una fábrica de productos lácteos de la cuenca lechera Mar y Sierras (Argentina) e identificar los puntos ambientales críticos relacionados a la generación de efluentes líquidos en ella. Para esto, se siguieron los procedimientos de la auditoría ambiental diagnóstica, a partir de la conjunción de evidencias: fuentes secundarias, observación directa del establecimiento y la actividad productiva, estimación del volumen de agua utilizada y de los efluentes líquidos generados en un día productivo típico, análisis fisicoquímico y bacteriológico del agua de consumo y de los efluentes generados; entrevistas a un informante clave. Se identificó al lavado de la mesa desueradora y los pisos como el consumo más importante de agua en la fábrica (31% del consumo de agua diario) y a la generación de suero durante el moldeo como el punto más problemático de la generación de efluentes líquidos. En un día típico de producción se utilizan 4.246 litros de agua y se generan 4.847 litros de efluentes líquidos. Se estimó que por cada litro de leche procesada se utilizan 0,9 litros de agua, lo que indica una buena eficiencia del uso del recurso en la fábrica. Se determinó que los efluentes líquidos no poseen la calidad fisicoquímica y bacteriológica requerida por la normativa provincial para su vuelco en cuerpos de agua, por lo que se reflexionó sobre posibles formas de ahorro o revalorización del agua implicada en el proceso productivo, así como sobre medidas orientadas a mejorar el efluente que se descarga en el arroyo. Finalmente, se realizan propuestas para mejorar la eficiencia del uso de agua y del manejo de efluentes líquidos en fábricas de quesos con problemas similares.

Fil: Barranquero, Rosario Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Ambientales; Argentina

Fil: Cortelezzi, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentina

Fil: Corengia, Maria Candelaria. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

INDUSTRIA LECHERA, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5, GESTIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, CONSUMO DE AGUA, AGUA RESIDUAL, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1, CALIDAD DE AGUA

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green