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América Latina y la crisis de la hegemonía estadounidense: las disputas en el BID y la Cumbre de las Américas

Authors: Merino, Gabriel Esteban; Morgenfeld, Leandro;

América Latina y la crisis de la hegemonía estadounidense: las disputas en el BID y la Cumbre de las Américas

Abstract

La crisis de la hegemonía estadounidense y el resquebrajamiento del mundo unipolar pusieron en jaque tanto al multilateralismo cristalizado en las instituciones internacionales de la posguerra, sostenidas sobre la tríada Estados Unidos, Europa occidental y Japón, como al multilateralismo globalista neoliberal que sobre dicha base se impuso con la caída del muro de Berlín y el disciplinamiento del llamado Sur Global. A partir del desarrollo de una situación multipolaridad relativa en el mapa del poder mundial y de la aceleración de tendencias contra-hegemónicas, emergió otro multilateralismo que está en relación con procesos institucionales y nuevas configuraciones relacionales, las cuales buscan redistribuir más equitativamente el poder y la riqueza mundial, poniendo en cuestión las jerarquías interestatales, la división internacional del trabajo existentes y las instituciones internacionales dominantes. Por otro lado, en el seno del centro del poder mundial (en crisis) y como síntoma de su declive relativo y la puja de poder que ello suscita, a partir de 2001 resurgió con fuerza el unilateralismo, en primera instancia de la mano del neoconservadurismo y las primeras expresiones de lo que denominamos fuerzas “americanistas” y “nacionalistas”. Con el triunfo de Donald Trump estas fuerzas dieron un salto cualitativo. En este marco, la presente investigación busca analizar en América Latina y el Caribe -en adelante América Latina- las estrategias principales de inserción internacional, los posicionamientos y pujas que se producen a partir de 2015 y la cuestión del multilateralismo, en relación a algunas estrategias de Estados Unidos en la región y a la creciente presencia de China. Focalizándonos en la disputa por la conducción del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y en las últimas Cumbres de las Américas, buscaremos comprender la denominada crisis del multilateralismo en la región.

The crisis of US hegemony and the breakdown of the unipolar world put in check both the multilateralism crystallized in the post-war international institutions, supported by the triad of the United States, Western Europe and Japan, and the neoliberal globalist multilateralism that was imposed on that basis. with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the disciplining of the so-called Global South. From the development of a relative multipolar situation on the world power map and the acceleration of counter-hegemonic tendencies, another multilateralism emerged that is related to institutional processes and new relational configurations, which seek to redistribute power and power more equitably. world wealth, calling into question interstate hierarchies, the existing international division of labor, and dominant international institutions. On the other hand, within the center of world power (in crisis) and as a symptom of its relative decline and the power struggle that this provokes, from 2001 unilateralism re-emerged with force, in the first instance from the hand of neo-conservatism. and the first expressions of what we call «Americanist» and «nationalist» forces. With the triumph of Donald Trump, these forces took a qualitative leap. In this framework, this research seeks to analyze in Latin America and the Caribbean - hereinafter Latin America - the main strategies for international insertion, the positions and bids that occur as of 2015 and the question of multilateralism, in relation to some strategies of the United States in the region and the growing presence of China. Focusing on the dispute over the leadership of the InterAmerican Development Bank (IDB) and in the last Summits of the Americas, we will seek to understand the so-called crisis of multilateralism in the region.

Fil: Merino, Gabriel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina

Fil: Morgenfeld, Leandro Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de Estudios Históricos, Económicos, Sociales e Internacionales; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

HEGEMONÍA, 330, GEOPOLÍTICA, Hegemonía, Ciencias Sociales, Multipolaridad relativa, UNILATERALISMO, MULTILATERALISMO, Unilateralismo, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5.9, Hegemonía, MULTIPOLARISMO RELATIVO, Multilateralismo, Unipolaridad, Geopolítica, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5, Geopolítica, Ciencias sociales

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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