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Cultivos de cobertura: efectos sobre la macroporosidad y la estabilidad estructural de um suelos franco-limoso

Authors: Varela, María Florencia; Fernández, Patricia Lilia; Rubio, Gerardo; Taboada, Miguel Angel;

Cultivos de cobertura: efectos sobre la macroporosidad y la estabilidad estructural de um suelos franco-limoso

Abstract

No- till (NT) silt loam topsoils have often a low and unstable structural porosity. The objective of this study was to determine the capability of cover crops (CC) of improving the structural porosity and stability of silt loam soils under NT. Greenhouse and field experiments were carried out on a silt loam soil (Typic Argiudoll) with and without CC (oat, Avena sativa) in crop sequences with soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Soil bulk density (DA) and aggregate instability index (IE) were measured after the CC in both experiments. In the greenhouse experiment, soil pore size distribution (DTP) was measured. The use of CC did not change DA, but soil IE was significantly lower in crop sequences with CC (P < 0.05) both under field and greenhouse conditions. Stability increases were likely due to the effect of CC residues and root mass. No differences in DTP were found between treatments, although a significant effect of sampling date was observed (P<0.05). Changes in DTP were due to significant increases in mesopore (517.5%) and macropore (52.7%) volumes. Such changes occurred in all the treatments, probably due to the soil wetting-drying cycles. The results found in this study agree with other studies carried out on silt loams in the same region, which also found a lack of effect of tillage practices on soil porosity.. A low soil structural resilience of silt loam soils in the short-term is corroborated.

Los suelos franco-limosos manejados con siembra directa a menudo poseen porosidad estructural baja e inestable. Con el objetivo de determinar la capacidad de los cultivos de cobertura (CC) de mejorar la porosidad y estabilidad estructural de estos suelos se llevaron a cabo experimentos de campo y de invernáculo. Ambos tuvieron tratamientos con y sin CC (avena, Avena sativa), en rotación con soja (Glicine max). Luego de los CC se midieron densidad aparente (DA), el índice de inestabilidad estructural (IE) y en el ensayo de invernáculo además, se midió la evolución de la distribución de tamaño de poros (DTP). En ambos ensayos la introducción de CC no disminuyó la DA, aunque incrementó la estabilidad del suelo (P<0,05), lo cual pudo deberse a los efectos tanto de las raíces como de los residuos de los CC. La DTP no presentó diferencias por efecto de los tratamientos, pero mostró variaciones temporales significativas (P<0,05) que provocaron generación de meso (517,5%) y macroporosidad (52,7%) en respuesta a mecanismos abióticos que operaron en todos los tratamientos, como son los ciclos de humedecimiento y secado. Otros trabajos en suelos limosos de la región también muestran ausencia de respuesta a cambios en el manejo, por lo cual este trabajo confirmaría la escasa resiliencia en el corto plazo de la porosidad estructural en suelos franco limosos pampeanos.

Fil: Fernández, Patricia Lilia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Fil: Varela, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes; Argentina

Fil: Taboada, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes; Argentina

Fil: Rubio, Gerardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Uso de la Tierra. Cátedra de Fertilidad y Fertilizantes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

propiedades físicas, avena, agregación del suelo, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4, porosidad estructural

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green