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Cultivos de cobertura: efecto sobre la disponibilidad de azufre en soja

Authors: Carciochi, Walter Daniel; Contreras, Lucas Ezequiel; Crespo, Cecilia; Barbieri, Pablo Andrés;

Cultivos de cobertura: efecto sobre la disponibilidad de azufre en soja

Abstract

La elección de la especie de cultivo de cobertura (CC) a emplear puede afectar la disponibilidad de azufre (S) para el cultivo de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) posterior. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de avena (Avena sativa L.) y vicia (Vicia villosa Roth.) como CC y la fertilización azufrada sobre algunos parámetros que definen la disponibilidad de S y el rendimiento en el cultivo de soja posterior. Se realizaron tres ensayos de campo en distintas zonas del sudeste bonaerense donde se evaluó la combinación de tres niveles de CC (avena, vicia y un testigo sin CC) con dos niveles de fertilización azufrada en la soja (0 y 15 kg S ha-1). Se determinó el contenido de S-SO4-2 (0-60 cm) en el suelo a la siembra de la soja, el índice de verdor (IV) a inicio de floración (R1) y el rendimiento en grano. Los principales resultados del trabajo son: i) los CC acumularon entre 7 y 17 kg S ha-1, logrando reducir las pérdidas de S por lixiviación durante el barbecho invernal, ii) la vicia incrementó en promedio 28 kg S ha-1 su disponibilidad en el suelo a la siembra de la soja, respecto a la avena y al testigo, iii) el IV de la soja fue menor con antecesor avena que con vicia y el testigo, iv) no hubo respuesta en rendimiento a la fertilización con S, v) en dos de los tres sitios el CC de vicia redujo el rendimiento en grano de la soja, posiblemente por un efecto negativo sobre la nodulación y fijación biológica de nitrógeno, lo cual deberá ser corroborado en futuros trabajos.

Selecting the cover crop (CC) specie may affect sulfur (S) availability for the succeeding soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) crop. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of oat (Avena sativa L.) and vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) as CC and S fertilization on some parameters that define S availability and yield in the succeeding soybean. Three field experiments were conducted in different areas of southeastern Buenos Aires province, where the combination of three levels of CC (oats, vetch, and a control without CC) with two levels of S fertilization (0 and 15 kg S ha-1) was evaluated in soybean. Determinations included: SO4 -2-S content in soil (0-60 cm) at soybean sowing, greenness index (IV) at the beginning of flowering (R1), and seed yield. The main results were: i) CC accumulated between 7 and 17 kg S ha-1, allowing reductions of S losses by leaching during the winter fallow, ii) vetch increased S availability in the soil at soybean planting by 28 kg S ha-1, compared to oat and the control, iii) soybean IV was lower when preceded by oat compared to vetch and the control, iv) there was no yield response to S fertilization, v) in two of the three sites vetch reduced soybean seed yield, possibly due to a negative effect on nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation, which should be tested in future works.

Fil: Barbieri, Pablo Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina

Fil: Carciochi, Walter Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina

Fil: Crespo, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina

Fil: Contreras, Lucas E.. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

INDICE DE VERDOR, vicia, greenness index, Avena, SULFATO, Agriculture (General), Plant culture, sulfate, índice de verdor, yield, S1-972, SB1-1110, AVENA, sulfato, VICIA, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4, Oat, vetch, rendimiento

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
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