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CONICET Digital
Article . 2020
License: CC BY NC SA
Data sources: CONICET Digital
Repositorio Institucional UCA
Article . 2021
License: CC BY NC SA
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Aspectos del tribalismo político en el levante meridional durante la Edad del Bronce Tardío

Authors: Pfoh, Emanuel Oreste;

Aspectos del tribalismo político en el levante meridional durante la Edad del Bronce Tardío

Abstract

Resumen: ¿Puede la actividad política de los reyes cananeos en sus pequeños centros urbanos, como se refleja en las cartas de El Amarna (siglo XIV a.n.e.), ser llamada en cierta medida tribal? Más allá de la (ahora vieja) discusión antropológica sobre “qué es una tribu”, ¿podemos percibir al tribalismo como un factor clave en la política del Levante meridional? Centrándonos en la escena política regional de la Edad del Bronce Tardío (ca. 1550–1200 a.n.e.), es posible afirmar que muchas de las actividades de los actores sociopolíticos locales—inclusive aquellos ubicados en ámbitos urbanos—en efecto coinciden con las lógicas y las expectativas halladas en situaciones tribales, tal como se documenta el registro etnográfico de Medio Oriente: alianzas y coaliciones, subordinación personal, reciprocidad política, etc. La cuestión de importancia en esta interpretación es lograr trascender los modelos monolíticos como “tribu” o “ciudad-Estado” y, en cambio, focalizar el análisis en la naturaleza de la práctica política evidenciada, vale decir, lo que los actores principales hacen y cómo se comportan para obtener influencia y prestigio y, también, para ganar poder y control sobre otros actores políticos. En dicho sentido, no habría razón de esperar una presencia necesaria de tribus para hallar también una política tribal en acción. Este trabajo aborda la información disponible en el archivo de El Amarna desde esta perspectiva, subrayando la relevancia del parentesco, las estructuras patrimoniales y las relaciones patrón-cliente para comprender la manera en que las comunidades políticas locales interactuaban con los grandes poderes del período (en especial, Egipto) que intervenían en la región.

Abstract: Can the politics of the Canaanite kings in their small urban centers, as reflected in the Amarna letters (mid-fourteenth cent. BCE), be called to some extent tribal? Beyond the (now old) anthropological discussion about “what is a tribe?,” can we see tribalism as a main factor in the Southern Levant’s politics? If we attend to the political scene of the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1550–1200 BCE), many of the activities of the local socio-political actors—even those settled and with an urban political life—do indeed match the rationale and expectations found in tribal situations and relationships, as documented in the modern ethnographic record of the Middle East: alliances and coalitions, personal subordination, political reciprocity, etc. The key matter in this interpretation is to transcend monolithic models like “tribe” or “city-state” and focus instead on the nature of the evidenced political practice, namely what the main actors do and how they behave to gain influence and prestige and to exert power and control over other political actors. In that way, there would be no need for expecting a mandatory presence of proper tribes in order to find tribal politics in action. This paper assesses the data in the Amarna archive from this perspective, noting the relevance of kinship, patrimonial structures and patron-client relationships in order to understand how local political communities were related to and interacted with the great powers of the period (particularly Egypt) which intervened in the land.

Fil: Pfoh, Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Fil: Pfoh, Emanuel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

PATRONAZGO, HISTORIA SOCIAL, SIRIA-PALESTINA, CERCANO ORIENTE ANTIGUO, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1, EDAD DE BRONCE, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/6, NOMADISMO, HISTORIA POLITICA, TRIBALISMO, TRIBUS, PARENTESCO, EGIPTO

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green