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Part of book or chapter of book . 2018
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Vegetación de la Puna Argentina

Authors: Carilla, Julieta; Grau, Alfredo; Cuello, Ana Soledad;

Vegetación de la Puna Argentina

Abstract

La región reconocida geográficamente como Puna en Argentina esta subdividida en dos provincias fitogeográficas: Puneña y Altoandina. La provincia Puneña incluye dos subunidades, la Puna seca (precipitaciones de 100-400 mm/año) y la Puna desértica (<100 mm/año). La Puna seca es principalmente una estepa arbustiva, con Baccharis, Fabiana y Adesmia como géneros dominantes. Parastrephia lucida domina las comunidades edáficas en las cuencas con napa freática cercana a la superficie. Otras comunidades edáficas están dominadas por Pennisetum chilense en suelos húmedos de baja salinidad y Frankenia triandra, Lycium humile y Sporobolus rigens en suelos de alta salinidad. Mientras, en áreas muy reducidas, los parches de bosques de Polylepis y Prosopis son características importantes del paisaje. También son los cactus columnares, Thichocereus y Oreocereus. Las plantas en cojín son otros elementos importantes, algunas veces alcanzando grandes tamaños, con Azorella compacta y varias especies Adesmia como las más comunes. La Puna desértica comparte los mismos géneros y especies con la Puna seca. Sin embargo, con densidades muy inferiores y frecuentemente con solo una especie de arbusto claramente dominante. La provincia Altoadina está dominada por pastizales, donde Festuca ortophylla es la especie más abundante. Dicotiledóneas herbáceas de tamaño reducido, aunque bastante diversas, constituyen una pequeña porción de la biomasa. Las vegas o bofedales también representan una unidad característica de la región. Asociadas a las nacientes y cursos de agua, concentran una alta proporción de la biodiversidad y la actividad humana. El ganado doméstico, como así también los camélidos nativos, pasan una parte significativa de sus vidas en las vegas. Dada las condiciones extremas de la Puna, el pastoreo, por animales domésticos y nativos, ha jugado un papel crítico en el paisaje y en la dominancia de arbustos espinosos/tóxicos sobre los pastos.

“Vegetation of the Argentine Puna”. The region geographically recognized as Puna in Argentina is subdivided in two phytogeographical provinces: Puneña and Altoandina. The Puneña province includes two subunits, the dry Puna (rainfall 100-400 mm/y) and the deser t Puna (<100 mm/y). The dry Puna is mostly in shrubland, with Baccharis, Fabiana and Adesmia as the dominant genera. Parastrephia lucida dominates edaphic communities in basins with water table close to the sur face. Other edaphic communities are dominated by Pennisetum chilense, in humid low salinity soils and Frankenia triandra, Lycium humile and Sporobolus rigens in high salinity soils. While very reduced in area, forest patches of Polylepis and Prosopis are impor tant landscape features. So are columnar cactuses, Thichocereus and Oreocereus. Cushion plants are another important element, sometimes reaching notable size, with Azorella compacta and several Adesmia species as the most common. The desert Puna shows the same genera and species. However, at much lower plant densities, and very often with just one, shrub species as the clearly dominant one. The Altoandina province is dominated by grassland, where Festuca ortophylla is the most common species. Small dicot herbs, while quite diverse, comprise only a small portion of the biomass. Peatbogs are also a characteristic feature of the region. Associated to springs and streams, they concentrate a high propor tion of the biodiversity and the human activity. Domestic livestock, as well as wild native camelids spend a significant part of their live on the peatbogs. Given the extreme conditions of the Puna, grazing, by both, domestic and wild animals is very likely to have played a critical role in the landscape and in the dominance of thorny/toxic shrubs over grasses.

Fil: Cuello, Ana Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina

Fil: Grau, Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina

Fil: Carilla, Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

PASTOREO, COMUNIDADES EDAFICAS, PROVINCIA FITOGEOGRÁFICA, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6, PUNA, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1, ECOSISTEMAS ALTOANDINOS, ESTEPA ARBUSTIVA

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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Italian National Biodiversity Future Center