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Helianthus annuus L., Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.

Authors: Presotto, Alejandro Daniel; Casquero, Mauricio Javier; Poverene, María Mónica; Cantamutto, Miguel Ángel;

Helianthus annuus L., Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.

Abstract

Helianthus annuus y H. petiolaris son asteráceas anuales nativas de América del Norte que se han naturalizado en la región central de Argentina entre los 31° y 38° de latitud sur, en una gran diversidad de ambientes. Las poblaciones naturalizadas son predominantemente ruderales y ocupan bordes de caminos, canales y lotes cultivados. También existen poblaciones agrestales, que en el caso de H. annuus muestran introgresión con el girasol. Las dos especies naturalizadas tienen el mismo nivel de ploidía que el cultivo (2n=2x=34 cromosomas) aunque presentan diferencias estructurales, que imponen una barrera parcial a la hibridación. Morfológicamente son diferentes en altura, forma de hojas y tamaño de capítulos. Entre los caracteres taxonómicos, H. petiolaris se distingue por presentar pilosidad blanca en las páleas del centro del capítulo. También, las filarias de esta especie son lineales, mientras que las de H. annuus son abruptamente atenuadas. Presentan dormición, amplio período de floración-fructificación y desgrane explosivo, que favorece la dispersión de propágulos y persistencia. Las poblaciones agrestales de H. annuus se diferencian de los voluntarios de girasol porque forman poblaciones estables. Sus plantas presentan antocianinas, son ramificadas y tienen dehiscencia. En las parcelas invadidas se recomienda la rotación con cultivos diferentes al girasol y labranza mínima o cero para que la semilla sea eliminada por predación. Es crucial prevenir el establecimiento de poblaciones invasoras en regiones productoras de simiente de girasol, para evitar la contaminación de la semilla por flujo génico.

Helianthus annuus and H. petiolaris are annual North American Asteraceae naturalized in the central region of Argentina, between 31° and 38° South Latitude, in a wide range of environments. Naturalized populations are predominantly ruderals established in roadsides, canals and cultivated fields. There are also agrestal populations, which in the case of H. annuus, show introgression with domesticated sunflower. The two naturalized species have the same ploidy level that the crop (2n = 2x = 34 chromosomes) but with structural differences that do not prevent interspecific hybridization. Both species are morphologically different in plant height, leaf shape and head size. Within taxonomic characters, H. petiolaris is distinguished from H. annuus because of the presence of white hairiness in the center pales of the disc. Also, H. petiolaris disc phyllaries are linear, while H. annuus phyllaries are abruptly attenuated. Plants have a large flowering-fructification period, seed shattering and dormancy, which favor seeds dispersal and soil seed bank persistence. Agrestal H. annuus differ from crop volunteers because of the former constitute stable populations. Agrestal plants have anthocyanins, are apically branched and their seeds shatter. In invaded fields, crop rotation and conservation tillage are strongly recommended. It is critical to prevent invasive populations establishment in sunflower seed production areas, to avoid seed contamination by gene flow.

Fil: Presotto, Alejandro Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina

Fil: Poverene, María Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina

Fil: Cantamutto, Miguel Ángel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina

Fil: Casquero, Mauricio Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. AgIdea; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1, Girasol silvestre, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4, Cultivo, Naturalizadas, Semilla híbrida

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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