
handle: 11268/10697
La dermatitis de contacto (DC) representa la respuesta inflamatoria de la piel a múltiples agentes exógenos. Existen dos subtipos de dermatitis de contacto: la dermatitis de contacto alérgica y la dermatitis de contacto irritativa, la segunda es la forma más frecuente de dermatitis en todos los grupos de edades, principalmente en lactantes y niños pequeños (dermatitis del pañal). La dermatitis atópica (DA) predispone a padecer dermatitis por irritantes. La DC irritativa está causada por el daño tóxico directo de la sustancia sobre la piel, sin que medie mecanismo inmunológico, mientras que la DC alérgica está mediada por un mecanismo de hipersensibilidad retardada tipo IV, el níquel es la fuente de sensibilización más frecuente en la edad pediátrica. Para el diagnóstico son fundamentales la historia clínica y la exploración física. Siempre debe formar parte del diagnóstico diferencial de cualquier tipo de dermatitis crónica, persistente, o que empeora a pesar de tratamientos adecuados. El tratamiento se basa en dos pilares fundamentales; la evitación del desencadenante y el tratamiento farmacológico, generalmente con corticoides tópicos, una vez establecidas las lesiones eccematosas. Contact dermatitis (DC) refers to an inflammation of the skin responding to a wide range of environmental agents. It is divided into two categories: allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. The second one is the most frequent dermatitis, especially in infants and toddlers (diaper dermatitis). Children with atopic dermatitis (DA) are prone to suffer irritant contact dermatitis. Irritant contact dermatitis results from direct cytotoxic effect without immunologic mediators, unlike allergic contact dermatitis, caused by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction (type IV). Nickel is the most common contact allergen in children. The diagnosis is based on the medical history and physical examination. The differential diagnosis includes any chronic or persistent dermatitis, and those that do not improve despite a correct treatment. Avoidance of contact with the allergen/offending irritant is the main management of dermatitis, but pharmacological treatment is often required, normally using topical corticosteroids for localized eczemas. Sin financiación No data 2019 UEM
Niño, 616, 610, Eccema, Ciencias médicas, Enfermedad de la piel, Dermatitis alérgica por contacto, Corticoesteroides
Niño, 616, 610, Eccema, Ciencias médicas, Enfermedad de la piel, Dermatitis alérgica por contacto, Corticoesteroides
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