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NTNU Open
Master thesis . 2025
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Thermal properties of Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) furs

Authors: Eggen, Thomas Agentoft;

Thermal properties of Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) furs

Abstract

Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) exhibit two genetically determined colour morphs: white and blue. In winter the two morphs have wildly different colours, the blue morph is a dark brown with a slight blue tint, and the white morph is pearly white. In summer the blue morph remains the same colour, and the white morph changes to a brown/grey dorsally, remaining white/light grey ventrally. In recent years, the Norwegian-Swedish-Finnish Arctic fox population has seen a change in proportion of blue to white foxes. The blue morph is becoming more prevalent, almost doubling in amount compared to twenty years ago. So far the main hypothesis for what caused this sudden surge in blue morphs have mainly consisted of camouflage. This hypothesis has not found conclusive proof, if anything camouflage should favor the white morph, both in summer and winter. This thesis aims to consider another hypothesis, the thermoregulation hypothesis. The thermoregulation hypothesis considers the fact the sunlight heats up dark surfaces more than light surfaces. Especially in winter, when the blue morph is much darker than the white morph. I hypothesise that thermal energy from sunlight might provide a fitness advantage to the blue morph. To find an answer to the thermoregulation hypothesis I have employed three methods. First, to see whether the blue fur has intrinsic properties that increase insulation, using climate chambers. Secondly, a setup with Arctic fox fur and thermometers were placed in the sun, comparing how the temperature under the fur differs for the seasonal and colour moults when exposed to sunlight. The third method was to build a biophysical model. The model considers energy in as metabolic and absorbed sunlight-energy, and energy out through conduction, radiation and convection to air. My results are inconclusive. There are several reasons for this, mainly the small sample size, but also access to equipment plays a role. Future studies are still needed to further test the thermoregulation hypothesis.

Fjellrev (Vulpes lagopus) kommer i to genetisk bestemte fargevarianter: hvit og blå. På vinteren har fargemorfene svært ulike farger, den blå morfen er mørkebrun med et lett blåskjær, og den hvite morfen er perlehvit. På sommeren beholder den blå morfen samme farge, og den hvite morfen blir brun/grå på ryggen, og gråhvit på magen. I de siste årene har den norsk-svensk-finske bestanden av fjellrev endret proporsjonene mellom hvit og blå morf. Den blå morfen har blitt dobbelt så vanlig som før, sammenlignet med 20 år siden. Så langt har hypotesen for hva som har forårsaket denne raske økningen i blå rev vært basert på kamuflasje. Denne hypotesen har ikke sett konkluderende bevis, og om noe, burde den hvite reven ha bedre kamuflasje, både på vinteren og på sommeren. Denne masteroppgaven sikter seg inn på en annen hypotese, hypotesen om thermoregulering. Thermoreguleringshypotesen baserer seg på at mørke farger blir varmere i sola enn lyse farger. Spesielt på vinteren, når den blå fjellreven er mye mørkere enn den hvite. Hypotesen går ut på at den den blå fjellreven absorberer mer varmeenergi fra sola, og på den måten ser en fitness-fordel. For å besvare thermoreguleringshypotesen har jeg vært innom tre metoder. Først, for å se om den blå morfen har en iboende egenskap som øker isolasjon, har jeg brukt klimarom. Den andre metoden består av å plassere fjellrevpels i sola med termometerloggere under pelsen, for å sammenligne hvordan temperaturen under pelsen påvirkes av farge og pelsens sesong når de ble utsatt for sollys. Den tredje metoden besto av å bygge en biofysisk modell. Modellen tar for seg energi inn som metabolsk og absorbert sol-energi. Energi ut er varmetap fra stråling, ledning og konveksjon til luft. Resultatene mine er ikke konkluderende. Det er flere grunner til det, først og fremst den lave mengden pelsprøver, men også tilgangen på utstyr. Thermoreguleringshypotesen trenger fremdeles videre studier for å undersøkes grundigere.

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Norway
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green