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NTNU Open
Bachelor thesis . 2025
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HPV-vaksinens utvikling fra fortid til nåtid En sammenligning av den første og dagens HPV-vaksiner med fokus på teknologi, immunrespons og sykdomsforebygging

Authors: Hasan, Safaa Rammo, Zozan;

HPV-vaksinens utvikling fra fortid til nåtid En sammenligning av den første og dagens HPV-vaksiner med fokus på teknologi, immunrespons og sykdomsforebygging

Abstract

Sammendrag HPV humant papillomavirus er en vanlig infeksjon som overføres gjennom seksuell kontakt. Den regnes som hovedårsaken til livmorhalskreft og andre HPV-relaterte kreftformer. HPV-infeksjon har ingen direkte behandling, derfor har det blitt utviklet profylaktiske vaksiner for å forebygge livmorhalskreft og andre sykdommer assosiert med HPV. Siden dette målet er viktig i global sammenheng, har HPV-vaksinasjonen blitt inkludert i vaksinasjonsprogrammer. I Norge ble HPV-vaksine tatt inn i det norske barnevaksinasjonsprogrammet i 2009 for jenter og i 2018 ble vaksinasjonen utvidet til å gjelde gutter. Formålet med denne studien var å undersøke utviklingen av profylaktiske HPV-vaksiner fra de første vaksinene til dagens 9-valente vaksine Gardasil 9. Hovedfokuset har vært på teknologisk utvikling, immunrespons og sykdomsforebyggende effekt. Det ble gjennomført en litteraturstudie og 13 vitenskapelige artikler ble valgt som grunnlag for studien. Artiklene inkluderte både randomiserte kontrollerte studier, kohort- og modellstudier og immunologiske analyser. Litteratursøket ble utført i anerkjente databaser som PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google scholar og Oria med søkeord relatert til HPV, vaksinetype, immunogenitet og vaksinasjonsstrategier. Resultatene viser at alle godkjente HPV-vaksiner bruker viruslignende partikler (VLP) basert på L1-protein, og at de gir høy beskyttelse mot HPV type 16 og 18. Den nyeste vaksinen Gardasil 9 gir også bedre beskyttelse mot flere høyrisikovarianterenn Gardasil4 og Cervarix. Flere studier viser langvarig immunrespons, og modellene peker på at høy vaksinasjonsdekning og god screening kan bidra til å utrydde livmorhalskreft på globalt nivå. Konklusjonen er at den teknologiske utviklingen har gjort vaksinasjonsprogrammer mer effektive, og at strategier med en dose av vaksinen kan være en god løsning i lavressursland.

Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common infection which spreads through sexual contact and is considered the main cause of cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers. HPV infection has no direct treatment; therefore, prophylactic vaccines were developed to prevent cervical cancer and other diseases associated with HPV. Since this goal is important on a global scale, the HPV vaccination was included in vaccination programmes. In Norway, the HPV vaccine was included in the Norwegian childhood vaccination programme in 2009 for girls, and in 2018 the vaccination was expanded to include boys. The purpose of this study was investigating the development of prophylactic HPV vaccines from the first vaccines to today's 9-valent vaccine, with a special focus on technological development, immune response and disease-preventive effect. A literature study was conducted based on 13 scientific articles, including randomised controlled studies, cohort and model studies, as well as immunological analyses. The research was performed in recognised databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Oria with keywords related to HPV, vaccine type, immunogenicity and vaccination strategies. Results show that all approved HPV vaccines use virus-like particles (VLP) based on L1 protein, and they provide high protection against HPV types 16 and 18. The latest vaccine, Gardasil 9, also provides better protection against several high-risk variants. Studies show a long-lasting immune response, and models point to the potential for global eradication of cervical cancer with high vaccination coverage and screening. conclusion is that technological developments have improved vaccine coverage and efficiency, and that one dose strategies could be a possible future measure in low resource country

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Norway
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research