
handle: 11250/3208128
Summary Background: People with intellectual disabilities are particulary vulnerable to sexual abuse. Research shows that individuals with intellectual disabilities often lack knowledge about sexuality and boundaries, and that this topic is, for various reasons, not prioritized by service providers (Martinello, 2014). Research question: What risk factors can lead to a lack of competence among service providers in handling and preventing sexual abuse against people with intellectual disabilities? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the risk factors that may contribute to a lack of competence in the field of sexuality among service providers, and the connection between the lack of competence and individuals with intellectual disabilities increased risks of experiencing sexual abuse. Method: This thesis is based on a literature review. Five research articles were identified through structured searches and together form the basis for the results, discussion, and conclusion of this thesis. Results: After analyzing and comparing the five selected research articles, three risk factors were identified: sexuality as a taboo topic, lack of competence and support among service providers, and insufficient sexuality education. Furthermore, the articles revealed a connection between these risk factors and increased vulnerability to sexual abuse. Conclusion: A lack of knowledge and competence among service providers contributes at multiple levels to increased vulnerability to sexual abuse in individuals with intellectual disabilities. This occurs through tabooing of the topic, insufficient adapted sexuality education, and a lack of training and professional support. Keywords: risk factors, competence, management, prevention, sexual abuse Number of words: 7247
Sammendrag Bakgrunn: Personer med utviklingshemming er særlig utsatt for seksuelle overgrep. Forskning viser at utviklingshemmede mangler kunnskap om seksualitet og grenser, og at dette er et tema som av ulike årsaker ikke prioriteres av tjenesteytere (Martinello, 2014). Problemstilling: Hvilke risikofaktorer kan føre til manglende kompetanse hos tjenesteytere i håndtering og forebygging av seksuelle overgrep mot utviklingshemmede? Hensikt: Hensikten med denne oppgaven er å utforske hvilke risikofaktorer som kan føre til manglende kompetanse hos tjenesteytere, og sammenhengen mellom dette og utviklingshemmedes sårbarhet for seksuelle overgrep. Metode: Oppgaven bygger på en litteraturstudie. Fem forskningsartikler er funnet gjennom strukturerte søk, og danner sammen grunnlaget for resultat, drøfting og konklusjon i denne oppgaven. Resultat: Etter å ha analysert og sammenlignet de fem utvalgte forskningsartiklene ble tre risikofaktorer identifisert; seksualitet som tabu, manglende kompetanse og støtte hos tjenesteytere, og manglende seksualitetsundervisning. Videre viste artiklene en sammenheng mellom disse risikofaktorene og økt sårbarhet for seksuelle overgrep. Konklusjon: Manglende kunnskap og kompetanse hos tjenesteytere bidrar på flere nivåer til økt sårbarhet for seksuelle overgrep hos utviklingshemmede. Dette skjer gjennom tabuisering, manglende tilpasset seksualundervisning, og manglende opplæring og profesjonell støtte. Nøkkelord: risikofaktorer, kompetanse, håndtering, forebygging, seksuelle overgrep Antall ord: 7247
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