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NTNU Open
Bachelor thesis . 2025
Data sources: NTNU Open
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Etikk i dokumentarfilm

Authors: Kvaal, Emma;

Etikk i dokumentarfilm

Abstract

The topic of this thesis is ethical issues in documentary filmmaking, based on the NRK series "Helene sjekker inn", specifically the episode in which journalist Helene Sandvig visits Hospice Lovisenberg. The research question is: Is it ethically justifiable to make documentaries about people in vulnerable life situations? The aim of the thesis is to examine whether the form and narrative style of documentaries influence the balance between insight and intrusion, and whether the film safeguards the dignity of its subjects. The thesis uses a qualitative textual analysis of the episode “Hospice”, in combination with Bill Nichols’ theory on documentary modes—particularly the participatory and performative modes—as well as his concept of ethical space. The ethical framework is further supported by Ellen M. Maccarone’s theory on filmmakers’ responsibilities and the validity of consent, along with healthcare literature addressing ethics in medical contexts. The analysis shows that the documentary employs both participatory and performative styles to create emotional proximity and insight. Helene Sandvig appears as a respectful and emotionally present communicator. However, important questions are raised regarding the participation of the patient Dag, especially concerning consent and the exposure of his final days. The thesis discusses how such scenes balance between the aim of shedding light on death as a societal issue and the risk of violating individual dignity. The discussion reveals that NRK emphasizes trust, careful communication, and ethical guidelines. Still, potential ethical challenges remain, particularly related to power dynamics, the interpretation of consent, and the role of the audience. The thesis argues that consent alone does not necessarily remove the ethical responsibility from the filmmaker. The thesis concludes that it is possible to film vulnerable individuals in an ethically responsible way, but doing so requires a high degree of awareness, critical reflection, and responsibility on the part of the documentary filmmaker.

Tema for denne oppgaven er etiske problemstillinger i dokumentarfilm, med utgangspunkt i NRK serien «Helene sjekke inn», nærmere bestemt episoden hvor journalist Helene Sandvig besøker Hospice Lovisenberg. Med følgende problemstilling: Er det etisk forsvarlig å lage dokumentar om mennesker i sårbare livssituasjoner? Formålet med denne oppgaven er å undersøke hvorvidt dokumentarers form og fortellerstil har en påvirkning på forholdet mellom innsikt og invasjon, og hvorvidt filmen ivaretar subjektenes verdighet. Oppgaven tar i bruk i en kvantitativ tekstanalyse av episoden «Hospice», i kombinasjon med Bill Nichols teori om dokumentarfilmens moduser, særlig deltagende og performativ modus, samt hans begrep om etisk rom. Det etiske rammeverket støttes videre av Ellen M. Maccarones teori om filmskaperes ansvar og gyldighet av samtykke, samt helsefaglig artikler om etikk i helsesituasjoner. Analysen viser til at dokumentaren benytter både deltagende og performativ stil for å skape nærhet og innsikt. Helene Sandvig fremstår som respektfull og emosjonelt tilstedeværende formidler. Samt reises viktige spørsmål rundt pasienten Dags deltagelse, særlig knyttet til samtykke og eksponering i hans siste levedøgn. Oppgaven diskuterer hvordan slike scener balanserer mellom ønsket om å belyse døden som samfunnstema, og risikoen for krenkelse på individets verdighet. Drøftingen viser at NRK legger vekt på tillit, forsiktig formidling og etiske retningslinjer, allikevel finnes det potensielle etiske utfordringer knyttet til maktbalanse, forståelse av samtykke og publikums rolle. Oppgaven argumenterer for at selv samtykke ikke nødvendigvis opphever filmskaperens etiske ansvar. Oppgaven konkluderer med at det er mulig å filme sårbare mennesker på en etisk forsvarlig måte, men at dette krever en høy grad av bevissthet, kritisk refleksjon og ansvar hos dokumentarfilmskaperen.

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Norway
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green