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FHS Brage
Master thesis . 2025
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Sanitetserfaringer fra Ukraina

Authors: Myrvold, Hans-Arve;

Sanitetserfaringer fra Ukraina

Abstract

The war in Ukraine, which escalated in February 2022, has become the largest conflict on European soil since World War II. Its scale is not only unique, but it also represents the first high-intensity war between two near peer adversaries in modern times. Given that contemporary Norwegian military medical experiences is largely based on observations from low-intensity conflicts, the Ukraine war provides a rare opportunity for military professionals. For the first time in decades, we can observe how a modern large-scale war unfolds and attempt to draw lessons from it. This thesis seeks to learn from the Ukraine war. More specifically, it aims to acquire knowledge about medical operations in the prehospital domain during a high-intensity war. The purpose is to provide new perspectives on the development of the Army's medical services, in light of the new long-term plan for the Norwegian Armed Forces. The research question for the thesis is: What prehospital lessons can be drawn from the Ukraine war, and are they transferable to Norwegian conditions? The thesis uses document studies as its methodology and relies on unclassified sources. Based on the collected materials, experiences were identified, catalogued, and synthesized into lessons. These were then analysed and refined before assessing their relevance to Norwegian conditions. In total, the thesis identified 14 lessons deemed relevant for Norway. The five most important are: - The medical cross will no longer provide protection—in fact, it may become a target. Both military and civilian healthcare must consider this in planning and conducting medical operations. - Volunteers will serve as a significant force multiplier for the medical services. Therefore, it is essential to have solid plans to utilize these resources effectively and responsibly. - NATO's current 10-1-2 rule will not work in a high-intensity war. Evacuation times and number of casualties will force a re-evaluation of how the evacuation chain is established and what is prioritized in medical training. - Treating psychological trauma will be crucial for regenerating combat effectiveness. - Drones and indirect fire (IDF) will pose the greatest threats to the evacuation chain and will account for the majority of casualties. Overall, the findings of the thesis provide valuable input on how to adapt medical services for future high-intensity operations. In particular, Norway must rethink how to ensure protection of its medical services. However, since all wars occur in unique contexts, further adaptation and discussion of these lessons are necessary before any implementation.

Krigen i Ukraina har siden eskaleringen i februar 2022 utviklet seg til å bli den største krigen på europeisk jord siden andre verdenskrig. Ikke bare er størrelsen unik, men den representerer også den første høyintensitetskrigen mellom to tilnærmet likeverdige parter i nyere tid. Ettersom dagens norske militære sanitetserfaringer i stor grad er bygget på observasjoner fra lavintensitetskriger, er Ukraina-krigen derfor en sjelden mulighet for militære profesjonsutøvere. Vi kan for første gang på lenge observere hvordan en moderne storkrig utspiller seg og prøve å trekke lærdommer fra denne. I denne oppgaven søker vi å lære av Ukraina-krigen. Mer bestemt prøver vi å tilegne oss kunnskap om sanitetsoperasjoner i det prehospitale domenet under en høyintensitetskrig. Hensikten med dette er å bidra med nye perspektiver inn mot utviklingen av saniteten, sett i lys av den nye langtidsplanen for Forsvaret. Problemstillingen for oppgaven er derfor følgende: Hvilke prehospital lærdommer kan trekkes fra Ukraina-krigen og er de overførbare til norske forhold? Oppgaven bruker dokumentstudier som metode og tar utgangspunkt i ugraderte kilder. Basert på de innsamlede kildene er erfaringer blitt identifisert, katalogisert og sammenstilt til lærdommer. Disse er så analysert og spisset før relevansen opp mot norske forhold er vurdert. Totalt har oppgaven identifisert 14 lærdommer som anses å være relevante for Norge. De fem viktigste er: - Genferkorset vil ikke lengre gi beskyttelse, snarere tvert imot, derfor må både militær og sivil helse ta hensyn til dette i planlegging og gjennomføring av sanitetsoperasjoner. - Frivillige vil utgjøre en stor styrkemultiplikator for saniteten. Man må derfor ha gode planer for å utnytte disse ressursene på en effektiv og forsvarlig måte. - Gjeldene praksis i NATO med 10-1-2 regelen vil ikke fungere under en høyintensitetskrig. Evakueringstid og skadeomfang vil tvinge saniteten til å måtte revaluere hvordan vi etablerer evakueringskjeden og hva vi prioriterer i sanitetsutdanning. - Behandling av psykiske traumer vil være svært viktig for å regenerer kampkraft. - Droner og IDF vil både være de største tapsførerne og de største truslene mot evakueringskjeden. Overordnet gir funnene i oppgaven gode innspill til hvordan vi bør tilpasse saniteten for en fremtidig høyintensjonsoperasjon. Spesielt rundt beskyttelse av saniteten bør Norge tenke annerledes. Det er likevel slik at alle kriger skjer i en unik kontekst, en videre tilpassing og diskusjon rundt lærdommene må gjennomføres før en eventuell implementering.

Country
Norway
Keywords

Ukraina, Sanitet

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green