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FHS Brage
Master thesis . 2025
Data sources: FHS Brage
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K2-fra fellesoperasjoner til MDO

Authors: Rolandsen, Andreas;

K2-fra fellesoperasjoner til MDO

Abstract

The time ahead represents a watermark in modern national defense budget allocation. The Norwegian Armed Forces’ long-term plan sets out to spend an additional 600 billion NOK over the next 12 years. Beyond major investments in a new naval fleet, air defense systems and long-range precision strike capabilities, lies a commitment to adhere to NATOs ambition of transition to Multi-Domain Operations. In a NATO perspective MDO is heavily relies on utilization of digital technology to support seamless information sharing across domains, governmental bodies and nations. While numerous ICT investments in the armed forces have suffered widespread criticism, it is considered important to examine a relevant example to uncover some of the underlying causes. This study focusses on how the transition to Multi-Domain Operations challenge The Norwegian Armed Forces’ (NAF) systems for conducting command and control (C2), emphasizing the technological dimension. Using the Alliance Concept for Multi-Domain Operations, which goal is to integrate military and civil resources across land, maritime, air, space and cyber domains to achieve converging effects, the study will derive the dimensioning requirements imposed on C2 systems. Furthermore, it will analyze a relevant example in the NAF by conducting a case study on Tactical Datalinks (TDL). Multi-Domain Operations emphasize data centricity and effective data sharing, technological advantage through digitalization and utilization of Emerging Disruptive Technologies (EDT) as prerequisites for achieving desired effects. The case study, however, have identified barriers to effective utilization of Tactical Datalinks which will have to be addressed in the short term, but are likely relevant to other areas of technological development towards MDO. The methodology combines literature reviews and qualitative interviews with personnel across the TDL user community. The findings are analyzed within Peter Senge’s system dynamics framework, which highlights the importance of having a holistic approach and parallel development of personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, team learning and systems thinking. The study concludes that Multi-Domain Operations impose high demands on technological maturity. In the transition towards MDO, Tactical Datalink will remain a relevant component to the Armed Forces’ C2 systems. Staying ahead of technological advances will remain a significant challenge, requiring substantial efforts. Competence development, team learning and strengthening the culture for learning must be brought forward by shared visions and systems thinking to enhance chances of success. Despite challenges in several areas, the study reveals positive trends in recent years. The combination of the Armed Forces’ structure, C2 arrangements and close links to research institutions and industry sets out a solid foundation to overcome the challenges ahead.

De kommende årene venter en storstilt satsing på Forsvaret. Langtidsplanen for forsvarssektoren legger opp til å styrke budsjettene med et omfang på opptil 600 milliarder kroner over 12 år. Utover store investeringer i nye fartøy, luftvern og langtrekkende presisjonsild, foreligger også en forpliktelse om å understøtte NATOs evne til multidomeneoperasjoner (MDO). I et NATO-perspektiv er MDO sentrert rundt utnyttelse av teknologi for å understøtte sømløs utveksling av informasjon på tvers av domener, statlige instanser og nasjoner. En rekke teknologiinvesteringer i Forsvaret har vært gjenstand for bred kritikk. Studien vil derfor å undersøke et relevant eksempel for å belyse noen underliggende årsaker. Avhandlingen undersøker hvordan overgangen til multidomeneoperasjoner utfordrer Forsvarets systemer for kommando og kontroll, med hovedvekt på den teknologiske dimensjonen i K2-begrepet. Oppgaven tar utgangspunkt i NATOs konsept for multidomeneoperasjoner, hvis mål er å integrere militære og sivile ressurser på tvers av land-, sjø-, luft-, cyber- og spacedomenet for å oppnå konvergerende effekter. Studien identifiserer dimensjonerende krav til kommando- og kontrollsystemer, og analyserer et relevant eksempel i Forsvaret gjennom en tilfellestudie av Taktisk datalink (TDL). Multidomeneoperasjoner vektlegger datasentrisitet og effektiv deling av data, teknologisk fortrinn gjennom digitalisering og utnyttelse av disruptive teknologier som forutsetninger for evnen til å skape ønskede effekter. Tilfellestudien har imidlertid identifisert flere barrierer for effektiv utnyttelse av taktisk datalink, som bør løses på kortere sikt, men også anses å være overførbare til andre områder ved fremtidig teknologiutvikling mot evne til MDO. Metodisk kombineres litteraturstudier og kvalitative intervjuer med personell i hele bredden av brukermiljøet knyttet til TDL. Funnene er analysert i Peter Senges systemdynamiske rammeverk, som vektlegger systemtenkning, og parallell utvikling av personlig mestring, mentale modeller, felles visjoner, gruppelæring. Studien konkluderer med at multidomeneoperasjoner stiller høye krav til teknologisk modenhet. Evne til å være i forkant av utviklingen forblir en stor utfordring, og vil kreve mye av Forsvaret. Kompetanseutvikling, teambygging og styrket kultur for læring, må understøttes av felles visjoner og systemtenkning for å bedre forutsetningene for å lykkes i arbeidet. I overgangen til MDO vil taktisk datalink fortsatt utgjøre en viktig bestanddel i Forsvarets K2-systemer. Tross utfordringer på en rekke felt, viser studien en positiv utvikling den senere tid. Sett i sammenheng med Forsvarets organisering gir dette et godt utgangspunkt for tiden fremover

Country
Norway
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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green