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Master thesis . 2023
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Kartbruk i skulen: Ei kvalitativ undersøking av lærarar si oppfatning av kart som inngang til kritisk tenking

Authors: Berg, Ida Katrin Tofte;

Kartbruk i skulen: Ei kvalitativ undersøking av lærarar si oppfatning av kart som inngang til kritisk tenking

Abstract

Abstract This master’s thesis pertains to how Norwegian teachers utilize maps in educational settings as an opening to critical thinking and is grounded in the subject of geographical social studies. The topic and research question were chosen to highlight the connection between maps and critical thinking within the Norwegian educational system, where I focus on the teachers’ reflections surrounding their own practices. This thesis is based on existing science, as well as other relevant literature and theories, linked to the main themes of maps, education, and critical thinking. Maps are defined as conventional illustrations that present selected characteristics through the use of symbols and that represent the earth’s patterns from above. This study is based on qualitative research, where the selected research method, is semi-structured interviews. The research method, in addition to previously established research shall give an answer to the research question for this thesis: In what ways do teachers use maps in education as an opening to critical thinking? The data used, is derived from interviews of three junior high teachers, who all work in the 10th grade, at three different junior high schools in the county municipality Møre and Romsdal. The informants seemed at first to have narrow views of what a map is, with an emphasis on traditional analogue maps, such as atlases, pull-down maps, and maps for orientation. When confronted with terms such as ‘now’ or ‘today’, the informants broadened their views on maps and spoke of digital interactive maps (e.g., Google Maps). The main findings show that teachers, often unbeknownst, use maps as an opening to critical thinking by employing them as a basis for classroom discussions and debates. My research shows that historical maps, maps of conflicts and maps that show inequality are among the most employed, when referring to critical thinking. When these maps are utilized, questions such as who? Where? Why? And when? Enter the forefront of the discussions. Through the pupils’ reflections, these questions help develop a deeper understanding of maps as a source, with a noted emphasis on the pupil’s exploration. This exploration creates the basis for critical thinking, which is defined as systematic exploration, anchored to basic critical questions. Through the interviews, I discovered a dissonance between the term maps and digital interactive maps. Basic critical questions surrounding analogue traditional maps, seemed in part forgotten, or presumed irrelevant when paired with digital maps.

Masteroppgåva handlar om korleis lærarar arbeidar med kart i undervisning som inngong til kritisk tenking, og tar utgangspunkt i fagområdet geografi i samfunnsfaget. Oppgåva undersøkjer samanhengen mellom kart og kritisk tenking i ein norsk undervisningssamanheng, der lærarar sine refleksjonar kring eigen undervisning står i sentrum. Oppgåva bygger på eksisterande forsking, samt anna relevant litteratur, og teoriar knytt opp mot samanhengen mellom hovudtemaa kart, undervisning og kritisk tenking. Kart er i denne oppgåva, meint som konvensjonelle forenkla bilete som viser utvalde eigenskapar gjennom spesifikke symbol og representerer jordoverflata frå ovan . Studien baserer seg på eit kvalitativt forskingsdesign, der forskingsmetoden semistrukturert intervju nyttast. Forskingsmetoden skal bidra, saman med kunnskapsgrunnlaget til å gi eit svar på problemstillinga: På kva måte bruker lærarar kart i undervisning som ein inngong til kritisk tenking? Oppgåva sitt datagrunnlag er bygd på intervju av tre ungdomsskulelærarar, som alle arbeidde på 10. trinn, hjå tre ulike ungdomsskular i fylkeskommunen Møre og Romsdal. Informantane hadde fyrst eit særs snevert syn på kva eit kart faktisk var, der tradisjonelle analoge kart, som atlas, rullekart og orienteringskart stod i sentrum. Om ein la til omgrep som ‘no’ eller ‘i dag’ kom informantane inn på det eg i oppgåva kallar digitale interaktive kart (t.d. Google Maps). Masteroppgåva sine hovudfunn viser at lærarar, ofte underbevisst, brukar kart som inngong til kritisk tenking i eiga undervisning, gjennom å bruke kart som inspirasjon til klasseromssamtalar og diskusjonar. Her viser mi forsking at historiske kart, kart som viser konfliktar og kart som visar ulikskapar i samfunnet, er blant dei mest brukte karta, når ein brukar kart som inngong til kritisk tenking. Når informantane arbeider med slike kart, står spørsmåla kven? Kvar? Kvifor? Og når? I sentrum. Gjennom eleven sine refleksjonar kring desse spørsmåla, skapar ein, ei form for djupeforståing, der fokuset er på eleven sin utforsking. Denne utforskinga blir ei form for inngong til kritisk tenking, ettersom kritisk tenking i denne oppgåva tydar systematisk undersøking med forankring i grunnleggjande kritiske spørsmål. Gjennom intervjua kjem det fram ein dissonans mellom omgrepet kart, og digitale interaktive kart. Vesentlege kritiske spørsmål kring analoge tradisjonelle kart, verka til dels gløymd, eller antatt irrelevant når det kjem til digitale kart.

Country
Norway
Related Organizations
Keywords

kart, kritisk tenking, undervisning, ungdomsskule

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green