Objective To review the background of telomerase activation and the methodology involved in its determination, and the clinico-pathological significance of telomerase activation in human cancers. Data sources An English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1966-1997) and bibliographic reviews of textbooks and review articles. Results Progressive shortening of telomeres was associated with continuous cell division in normal somatic cells. Telomerase was activated in most cancer cells and immortal germ cells to maintain their telomeric lengths. The occurrence and clinical pathological significance of telomerase activation was evaluated in various types of human cancer. Conclusions Telomerase activation is a common event in human cancers and may be as a useful marker for malignant cells. Telomerase may also be a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

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