Workers’ health surveillance (WHS) aims at the assessment of workers’ health and work ability by detecting any clinical or preclinical abnormalities. In that way, it can be verified whether the occupational exposures have any detrimental effect on the health of workers and whether the worker is fit for the job. Each WHS should be designed based on evidence and in such a way that it is relevant to the nature of the demands and health effects of the occupation of interest.Due to the demanding nature of the sector, construction workers face high rates of occupational injuries and illnesses. Hence, a job-specific health surveillance programme for construction workers seems a necessary complementary approach in guarding the health of the workers. The aim of this thesis is to develop and evaluate a job-specific WHS for construction workers. This thesis focuses on two construction occupations as representatives for a more physically or more mentally demanding occupation: bricklayers and construction supervisors, respectively.