Refractory glaucoma is a clinical variety of glaucoma remarkable for its resistance to therapy. This determined special approaches to choice of drugs and methods ensuring a stable hypotensive effect as one of the conditions of preserving the visual functions. Original methods for surgical treatment of refractory glaucoma are proposed. New effective operations prevent excessive cicatrices at the site of intervention, one of the major causes of failure of antiglaucoma operations. Ultrasonic cyclodialysis is an effective method for surgical treatment of glaucoma in an aphakic eye. A principally new approach to treatment of refractory glaucoma is based on the use of high-frequency focussed ultrasound, a noninvasive method (sclerocyclodestruction) for attaining the hypotensive effect. The efficiency of the natural cytokine complex in the treatment of refractory glaucoma is due to effects of immunopeptides on repair processes at the site of intervention, which inhibit cell growth and prevent excessive development of cicatricial tissue round newly created routes of humor discharge.