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El valor razonable como criterio básico de medición

Authors: David, Julio César;

El valor razonable como criterio básico de medición

Abstract

La Contabilidad forma parte del sistema de información de las empresas y siempre se preocupó por suministrar información útil para la toma de decisiones. Dentro de esa información se destaca la determinación del resultado y la medición del patrimonio que representen de la mejor manera la realidad económica, identificada como la imagen fiel del patrimonio. La dinámica de las actividades económicas y financieras, en los últimos tiempos, han puesto en duda la validez de ciertos paradigmas como el principio de valuación al costo, dando mayor importancia a los valores de mercado. En este aspecto esta tesis trata de analizar la validez de los valores de mercado y la adopción de los mismos como criterio básico de medición, expresados a través del denominado “valor razonable” en la terminología internacional. Partimos del análisis del término “valor razonable” y la connotación en distintos cuerpos de normas de contabilidad, así como la utilización de estos valores en la medición de distintos elementos del patrimonio. Luego analizamos como se utilizan los valores razonables, las ventajas y desventajas, así como se encuentran expresados en las normas de algunos países a la luz de las normas vigentes. Hemos analizado Estados Financieros de empresas españolas, mejicanas y argentinas para ver en qué rubros se admiten las mediciones a valores razonables. Por último se obtienen las conclusiones de este análisis de Estados Financieros y se expresa una opinión acerca de la utilización de los valores razonables y la perspectiva de su uso como criterio básico de medición del patrimonio.

Accountancy is a part of the information system of companies, and is concerned with providing information that is useful for decision-making processes. Within this information, result determination and equity measurement are of utmost importance and should represent in the best possible way the company’s economic reality, identified as the faithful image of its equity. Over the last few years, the dynamics of economic and financial activities have put into question the validity of certain paradigms, such as the principle of cost, giving more importance to market values. Regarding this aspect, this thesis attempts to analyze the validity of market values and the adoption of such values as a basic measurement criterion, expressed through the so called ‘fair value’ in international terminology. We depart from the analysis of the term ‘fair value’ and its connotation in different compilations of accountancy standards, as well as the use of these values in the measurement of the different elements of the equity. We then analyze how fair values are used, its advantages and disadvantages, the way they are expressed in the accountancy standards of some countries, in light of the current standards. We have analyzed the Financial Statements of Spanish, Mexican and Argentinean companies to see in which accounting items the fair value measurements are admitted. Lastly, conclusions are obtained from this analysis of Financial Statements, and an opinion is expressed about the use of fair values and the perspectives of its use as basic criteria of equity measurement.

Fil: David, Julio César. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.

Country
Argentina
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Keywords

Measurement, Contabilidad, Valor razonable, Accounting, Information, Economic reality, Reasonable value, Medición, Realidad económica, Información

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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