The main aim of atmospheric background monitoring stations is to measure basic pollution levels and track long-term changes in the troposphere (EEA Glossary). Fine dust emitted or formed in the atmosphere can be transported over long distances – hundreds of kilometres from the source of emission. This study discusses research results on the concentrations of particulate matter and its selected components in two atmospheric background stations situated in Czech Republic (NAOK Košetice) and Poland (DS Osieczów).\nThe scope and conditions of the observations allowed for the verification of the hypotheses that, with almost identical air mass flow originating (Wd):\n1. The concentration levels of elements and compounds related to PM10 are identical regardless of the study area,\n2. The concentration levels of PM10 and PM2.5 are identical regardless of the study area.