Czech translations of the Scripture are considered an entirely extraordinary phenomenon in the global context and they accompany the whole history of the nation from the early Middle Ages up to the present time. Translations of the Bible to Czech in the modern time (i.e. after 1900) belong to immensely interesting topics as well, but paradoxically enough, this theme has been, from the scientific viewpoint, very modestly dealt with so far. The main objective of this monograph is to present, in a detailed way, Czech New Testament translations that were created and first published from the beginning of the 1960s till 1989, when the Communist era ended in Czechoslovakia. The monograph gathers a lot of new information, various associations and substantial conclusions that deepen and extend our knowledge of the five Czech New Testament translations being dealt with from bibliographical, historical, theological and philological aspects. The publication presents the bibliography of the editions of the translations in question and reveals the background of their origins; it also presents characteristic features of individual translations based on detailed analyses, captures interactions among individual translations and delimits their position in a broader context of the Czech tradition of Bible translating.