The paper deals with possibilities of industrial X-ray computed tomography (CT) utilization in the geomaterials and geotechnical research. This paper was elaborated on the basis of the first experiences of X-ray CT use within the frame of research activities of the Institute of Geonics of the ASCR. Examples of visualization of the internal structure of rocks and the other geomaterials, as well as some samples of artificial materials are presented. Using X-ray CT is particularly useful in analyzing the nature of the pore space, the shape of pores and their distribution and orientation in the sample volume. The X-ray CT is a very powerful and useful tool for non-destructive visualisation of the internal structure of a wide range of materials in various fields of the research.