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Kiedy człowiek rodzi potwora? (Arystoteles o rodzeniu się zwierząt)

Authors: Sowa, Joanna;

Kiedy człowiek rodzi potwora? (Arystoteles o rodzeniu się zwierząt)

Abstract

In this paper I discuss the problem of the borderline between the lack of resemblance to any family member and monstrosity in Aristotle’s Generation of Animals. In book IV both phenomena have been explained as a result of ‘resolution’ or ‘loosening’ of the ‘movements’ in the sperm, whose function is to recreate in the offspring’s body the features of its parents or ancestors. Consequently, sometimes the offspring bears no resemblance to any ancestor, and sometimes ‘it no longer has the appearance of a human being at all’. According to T. V. Upton, both groups are ‘monsters’ of some kind; he names them ‘generic individuals’, assuming that after ‘loosening’ of the movements which carry particular traits, the task of completing the embryo’s development is taken by the movements of universals (genus or species) present in the sperm. In contrast to Upton’s opinion, I try to prove that the movements of particular – although ‘merged’ and changed – still remain active, leading to the final development of any given individual; in the case of a ‘monster’, however, a deformation of the offspring’s whole body or its parts results not only in the lack of resemblance to any representatives of its own species, but also in disability. Przedmiotem artykułu jest zagadnienie granicy pomiędzy narodzinami dziecka niepodobnego do członków swojej rodziny a przyjściem na świat „potwora” . Oba te zjawiska zostały opisane przez Arystotelesa w IV księdze traktatu O rodzeniu się zwierząt (De generatione animalium) jako rezultat słabnięcia „ruchów” kształtujących płód na podobieństwo rodziców i przodków. W artykule polemizuję ze stanowiskiem T. V. Uptona, który do „potworów” zalicza obie wymienione grupy istot i uznaje, że – wobec osłabnięcia „ruchów” przekazujących cechy jednostkowe – za ich kształtowanie odpowiadają „ruchy” powszechników (odpowiednio gatunku i rodzaju). Staram się wykazać, że „ruchy” przekazujące cechy ogólnie nie są w stanie doprowadzić do końca procesu rozwoju embrionu, a za podstawowe kryterium odróżniające człowieka od „potwora” należy uznać deformację powodującą nie tylko zanik podobieństwa do przedstawicieli własnego gatunku, lecz także kalectwo uniemożliwiające spełnianie właściwych dla danego gatunku funkcji.

Country
Poland
Keywords

Arystoteles, O rodzeniu się zwierząt, dziedziczenie, potwory

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green