Nowadays the Montesquieu’s idea of the separation of powers is not able to describe the whole complexity of functioning of a present-day State; therefore individual entities constitutionally authorized are created, in great measure independent of government. These institutions accomplish certain tasks of a particularly delicate public character. Therefore, in Polish Constitution, three extremely important for functioning of the State institutions were separated: National Bank of Poland, the National Broadcasting Council and the Supreme Audit Office. Central bank does not act in emptiness- it works in certain social, economic and political environment, what causes that it comes into relations (and interactions) with organs and institutions of the State, including the Council of Ministers. These relations are complex and multidirectional, but finally both central bank and government in their activity should take good of the citizens and economic prosperity of Poland into account.