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Modularidade e pré-fabricação em Le Corbusier

Authors: Varandas, Ana Sofia Caeiro, 1983-;

Modularidade e pré-fabricação em Le Corbusier

Abstract

A modularidade e a pré-fabricação são conceitos integrados num processo construtivo em que os componentes dos edifícios são produzidos em fábrica com o recurso a linhas de montagem padronizadas e que posteriormente são transportados para o local da obra e devidamente montados. Este método foi desenvolvido durante a revolução industrial com o aparecimento da máquina e dos novos materiais. No entanto a construção de elementos arquitectónicos modulares e pré-fabricados remete-nos também à antiguidade onde as civilizações egípcia, grega e romana já recorriam ao módulo como unidade padrão. Todavia esta solução de construção é aplicada numa diversidade de materiais desde o betão armado, o aço ou a madeira entre outros e constitui um método de produção em série de peças racionalizadas de forma simples, rápida e económica tornando-se fundamentais para a industrialização da construção. Le Corbusier, um dos mais importantes arquitetos do século XX, aplicou a modularidade e pré-fabricação nos seus projetos considerando que era importante criar um padrão nos elementos construtivos e recorrer ao processo industrial como forma de desenvolver e solucionar rapidamente os problemas de construção de habitações que existiam na época. Neste contexto, o arquiteto desenvolveu o sistema Dom-Ino e o Modulor de carácter clássico e universal com o objetivo de estabelecer um método de construção com base em proporções modulares e recorrendo à padronização dos componentes em todas as suas obras analisadas nesta dissertação. Este sistema de proporções viabilizou o surgimento de uma arquitetura modular que permitia a permutabilidade de elementos pré-fabricados.

The modularity and prefabrication are the integrated concepts of a constructive process which the building components are produced in factories using standardized assembly systems that later can be transported to the local work site to be properly assembled. This method was developed during the industrial revolution with the appearance of the machine and new materials. However, the construction of architectural modular and prefabricated elements also refers to antiquity where Egyptian, Greek and Roman civilizations already resorted to this module as a standard unit. Nevertheless, this construction solution it is applied to a diversity of materials since reinforced concrete, steel or wood among others that constitutes a simple, economic and fast production method of streamlined parts series. This becomes fundamental for the industrialization of construction. Le Corbusier, one of the most important architects of the 20th century, applied the modularity and prefabrication in his projects considering that were important to create a pattern in the constructive elements and resort to the industrial process as a way to quickly develop and solve housing construction issues that existed at the time. In this context, the architect developed a Dom-Ino system and the modulor of classic and universal character with the purpose of stablish a construction method based in modular proportions using standardized components in all his work, analyzed in this dissertation. This proportions system enabled the rise of a modular architecture that allows interchangeability of elements prefabricated.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, 2020

Exame público realizado em 13 de Novembro de 2020

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Le Corbusier, 1887-1965 - Projetos e plantas, Le Corbusier, 1887-1965 - - Crítica e interpretação, Coordenação modular (Arquitectura), Construção modular, Edifícios pré-fabricados

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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