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Branqueamento de capitais : as suas medidas de combate

Authors: Gomes, Fernando Miguel Matias da Silva;

Branqueamento de capitais : as suas medidas de combate

Abstract

Com a atual crise económica o branqueamento de capitais está a afetar todo o Mundo, tornando-se cada vez mais um crime comum, de certa forma apetecível para as organizações criminosas. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em verificar as medidas de combate ao crime de branqueamento de capitais vigentes em Portugal. Pretende-se constatar como é que este tema é legislado no estrangeiro e quais os mecanismos mais importantes existentes no combate ao mesmo. Introdutoriamente caraterizou-se o branqueamento de capitais na atual crise, os tipos de crime previstos e demarcaram-se as práticas mais recentes, inclusive nos paraísos fiscais. Definiu-se o conceito de branqueamento de capitais e fez-se o seu enquadramento histórico. Investigou-se como a legilação do branqueamento de capitais é abordada em países como Alemanha, EUA, Reino Unido, Suiça e Brasil. Destaca-se a importância da criação do GAFI ( Grupo Ação Financeira Internacional) para um combate mais eficaz ao branqueamento de capitai e terrorismo mundial. Seguidamente abordou-se o branqueamento de capitais na economia subterrânea e a sua ascensão nos últimos anos na economia mundial, principalmente com a globalização. Explicaram-se as etapas e fases que o capital passa antes de ser colocado no mercado. Foram estudados alguns dos crimes que estão conexos ao branqueamento de capitais, designadamente a corrupção, a fraude fiscal, tráfico de droga e o terrorismo. Por fim foram focadas as medidas de combate relacionadas com os meios de prova e meios sancionatórios existentes em Portugal, concluindo-se que existe legislação suficiente para se combater o branqueamento de capitais, embora o maior problema seja a dificuldade na sua deteção.

Abstract: With the current economic crisis the money laundering is affecting the entire World, becoming an increasing common crime and, in a way, attractive to criminal organizations. The aim of this study is to verify the measures to combat the crime of money laundering current in Portugal. To see how this theme legislated abroad and what are the most important mechanism available to fight it. The introduction start with the characterization of the money laundering in the current crisis, the types of crime predicted and demarcated the latest practices, including tax havens. It was defined the concept of money laundering and its historical framework. It was investigated how the legislation of money laundering is addressed in countries like Germany, USA, United Kingdom, Switzerland and Brazil. Was highlighted the importance of the creation of the FATF ( Financial Action Task Force) to combat more effectively the laundering of capital and global terrorism. Then was approached the money-laundering in the underground economy and its rise in recent years in the world economy, mostly with the globalization. Was explained the steps and phases that append to capital before being placed on the market. It was studied some of the crimes which are related to money laundering, namely corruption, tax evasion, drug traffic and terrorism. Finally were focused the combat measures relating to the means of proof and means for imposing penalties that exist currently in Portugal, concluding that there is sufficient legislation to combat money laundering, although the biggest problem is the difficulty in their detection.

Dissertação de mestrado realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Direito.

Exame público realizado em 28 Abril 2015.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Branqueamento de capitais, Direito penal económico, Direito penal, Direito

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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