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Aerodynamika axiálních větrných turbín

Authors: Dubnický, Ladislav;

Aerodynamika axiálních větrných turbín

Abstract

V dnešnej dobe sa problém klimatických zmien stáva v spoločnosti čoraz aktuálnejšou témou. Zvýšenie priemernej teploty na Zemi čo i len o pár stupňov, môže mať katastrofické následky. Jedným z možných riešení sa javia obnoviteľné zdroje energie, ako sú fotovoltaika, biomasa či energia vody a vetra. Práve problematikou aerodynamiky posledného menovaného zdroja sa zaoberá táto práca. Veterné turbíny transformujú kinetickú energiu vetra na mechanickú prácu. Účinnosť tejto premeny je fyzikálne obmedzená na 59,26 %, avšak v realite dosahuje hodnoty okolo 45 %. To je spôsobené tromi najväčšími stratami vznikajúcimi vo veterných turbínach ako sú: straty vírením, straty konečným počtom lopatiek, profilové straty. So započítaním týchto troch strát a opierajúc sa o analytické vzťahy je vykonaný aerodynamický návrh lopatky. Následne sa pristúpilo k numerickému výpočtu, ktorý vo výsledku očakáva vyššiu hodnotu odporovej a nižšiu hodnotu vztlakovej sily na profil, ako výpočet analytický. Veľkosti týchto odchýlok sú akceptovateľné a je teda možné konštatovať, že numerický výpočet dokázal relatívne presne simulovať silové pôsobenie prúdu vzduchu na lopatku.

Nowadays, the climate change issue is becoming more and more actual in our society. Increase of the average temperature on Earth in a couple of degrees could have catastrophic consequences. One of the possible solutions seems to be renewable energy sources as photovoltaics, biomass of water and wind energy. This thesis deals with the aerodynamics problems of wind energy source. Wind turbines transform kinetic energy of wind to mechanical power. The efficiency is physically limited to 59,26 %, but in reality, it is getting around 45 %. This is caused by three biggest losses inducted in wind turbines as wake losses, losses due to finite number of blades and drag losses. Based on analytical relationships and including these three losses the aerodynamics blade design is conducted. Later, the numerical simulations show higher values of drag and lower values of lift force on airfoil compared to analytical calculation. In fact, percentage deviations are acceptable and to conclude, the numerical analysis was able to relatively accurately simulate force action of free stream velocity on the blade.

A

Country
Czech Republic
Related Organizations
Keywords

veterná turbína, wind turbine, blade element momentum theory, aerodynamika, wind energy, momentová teória, lopatka, veterná elektráreň, energia vetra, blade, wind power plant, aerodynamics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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