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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2024
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Resultados del entrenamiento multiprofesional mediante simulación clínica en la emergencia obstétrica de la distocia de hombros

Authors: Gutiérrez Marín, Juan José;

Resultados del entrenamiento multiprofesional mediante simulación clínica en la emergencia obstétrica de la distocia de hombros

Abstract

Introducción: La distocia de hombros (DH) es una emergencia obstétrica impredecible e imprevisible que asocia consecuencias neonatales y maternas graves. Para mejorar sus resultados, se ha propuesto el uso de la simulación clínica para la formación multiprofesional, siendo esta la hipótesis del presente trabajo. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados materno-neonatales y el manejo en las DH antes y después de la instauración de un programa de entrenamiento multiprofesional mediante la simulación clínica. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de cohortes retrospectivo incluyendo todas las DH entre 2016 a 2023 en el Hospital General Universitario Doctor Balmis. Se establecieron 2 grupos: antes (periodo 1) y después (periodo 2) de los cursos de entrenamiento. Se estudió la incidencia de DH y las características basales con el objetivo de identificar factores de riesgo (FR) y diferencias entre ambos grupos. Posteriormente, se compararon los resultados materno-neonatales, el manejo de la DH y su registro en la historia clínica. Para medir el nivel de asociación, se calculó la Odds Ratio y se consideró significación estadística un p-valor <0,05. Resultados: Se produjeron un total de 173 DH (1,32%) en los 13.059 partos vaginales durante el periodo de estudio, siendo mayor esta incidencia en el periodo 2 (2,57% vs 0,99%). El 27,2% de la muestra no presentó ningún FR específico para DH, estando presente la macrosomía fetal sólo en el 26,6% de las DH. Se observó un descenso de los eventos adversos neonatales (31,4% vs 14,1%; p=0,012), destacando una disminución en la parálisis braquial obstétrica (PBO) (14,7% vs 11,3%; ORa:0,6; IC95%:0,2-1,7), en las fracturas de clavícula (15,7% vs 4,2%; ORa:0,2; IC95%:0,1-0,9) y en el ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) (26,5% vs 8,5%; ORa:0,3; IC95%:0,1-0,7). A nivel materno no hubo diferencias. Se observó una mejora significativa en el registro en la historia clínica, incluyendo participantes, posición fetal, tiempo y maniobras empleadas (3,9% vs 60,6%; p<0,001). Conclusiones: A pesar de que, con la introducción de los cursos de simulación clínica, se ha producido un aumento en la incidencia de las DH, se ha observado una disminución significativa de las complicaciones neonatales (PBO, fractura de clavícula, ingreso y días en UCIN) y una mejora evidente del registro del evento en la historia clínica.

Introduction: Shoulder dystocia (SD) is an unpredictable obstetric emergency associated with serious neonatal and maternal consequences. To improve its results, the use of clinical simulation for multiprofessional training has been proposed, this being the hypothesis of the present study. Objective: Compare neonatal and maternal outcomes in SD before and after the establishment of a multiprofessional training program through clinical simulation. Material and methods: An observational retrospective cohort study was carried out including all SD between 2016 and 2023 at the Doctor Balmis University General Hospital. Two groups were established: before (period 1) and after (period 2) the training courses. The incidence of SD and baseline characteristics were studied with the aim of identifying risk factors (RF) and differences between the two groups. Subsequently, neonatal and maternal outcomes, DH management, and its record in the medical record were compared. To measure the level of association, the Odds Ratio was calculated and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistical significance. Results: A total of 173 SD (1.32%) were recorded in 13,059 vaginal births during the study period, with a higher incidence in period 2 (2.57% vs 0.99%). 27.2% of the sample did not present any specific RF for SD and fetal macrosomia was present in only 26.6% of SD. A decrease in neonatal adverse events was observed (31.4% vs 14.1%, p=0.012), highlighting a decrease in brachial plexus injury (BPI) (14.7% vs 11.3%; ORa:0.6; 95%CI: 0.2-1.7), clavicle fractures (15.7% vs 4.2%; ORa:0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.9) and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) (26.5% vs 8.5%; ORa:0.3; 95%CI: 0.1-0.7). There was no difference in maternal complications. A significant improvement was observed in the recording of the event in medical history, including participants, fetal position, time and maneuvers that were used (3.9% vs 60.6%; p<0.001). Conclusions: Although, with the introduction of clinical simulation courses, there has been an increase in the incidence of SD, a significant decrease in neonatal complications has been observed (BPI, clavicle fracture, admission and days in NICU) and an evident improvement in the recording of SD in medical history.

Keywords

clinical simulation, multiprofessional training, entrenamiento multiprofesional, Obstetrícia y Ginecología, CDU::6 - Ciencias aplicadas::61 - Medicina, brachial plexus injury, simulación clínica, shoulder dystocia, distocia de hombros, parálisis braquial obstétrica

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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