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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2022
License: CC BY NC ND
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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2021
License: CC BY NC ND
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Estudio experimental y simulación de sistema de ventilación natural para enfriamiento pasivo de un edificio residencial compuesto de una torre de viento asistida por chimeneas solares

Authors: Soto Barrionuevo, Andrés;

Estudio experimental y simulación de sistema de ventilación natural para enfriamiento pasivo de un edificio residencial compuesto de una torre de viento asistida por chimeneas solares

Abstract

La reducción del consumo energético en las edificaciones, por la dependencia de fuentes primarias y de energía eléctrica en la explotación de sus actividades, es un reto al que se enfrentan los países de la UE en su compromiso de disminuir las emisiones de CO2. La Comisión Europea establece que las instalaciones de calefacción, ventilación y aire acondicionado (HVAC) implican cerca del 50% de la energía consumida en las viviendas. Las condiciones interiores de confort en los edificios están influenciadas por ciertos factores como la tipología constructiva, materiales, localización, ocupación y condiciones meteorológicas externas. El análisis y el diseño de los sistemas de ventilación y refrigeración requieren de un cálculo complejo que puede ser resuelto por herramientas de simulación energética de edificios. La ventilación natural combinada con sistemas de refrigeración pasiva puede reducir la demanda de energía de refrigeración en los edificios residenciales. Sin embargo, la principal dificultad en el diseño de sistemas de ventilación natural impulsados por la flotabilidad y el viento es la estimación simultánea de los flujos de aire de ventilación y las temperaturas interiores. En este estudio se ha resuelto esta problemática mediante el desarrollo de una herramienta que combina un modelo de ventilación (flujo envolvente) con un modelo térmico multizona de una vivienda bioclimática conocida como "La Casa de la Tierra". Este edificio, situado en Murcia (España), incorpora una torre de viento central, cuatro chimeneas solares y elementos constructivos con capacidad de inercia térmica. Los modelos de ventilación y térmicos se integraron por completo y se resolvieron simultáneamente. El estudio incluyó la validación experimental de los modelos con los datos recogidos in situ. Se simularon además diferentes estrategias de refrigeración pasiva, combinando la ventilación natural inducida por la torre de viento y las chimeneas solares con sistemas pasivos de refrigeración geotérmica y evaporativa. Por último, se propuso y se simuló en la vivienda de referencia, para diferentes localizaciones (Alicante, Bilbao, Burgos, Lisboa, Madrid, Malaga y Roma), un sistema evaporativo de tiro descendente formado por panel evaporativo directo fabricado con malla de plástico, a partir del modelo empírico desarrollado por otros autores pertenecientes al grupo de investigación del Dpto. Ingeniería Mecánica y Energía de la Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. En este estudio se evaluó el rendimiento y aplicabilidad del sistema a través del análisis de varios índices propuestos. Estos resultados contribuyen a aumentar la conciencia del papel que pueden desempeñar las estrategias pasivas en la consecución de los objetivos fijados por la UE para la eficiencia energética de los edificios residenciales.

The reduction of energy consumption in buildings, due to the dependence on primary sources and electrical energy in the performance of their activities, is a challenge faced by EU countries in their commitment to reduce CO2 emissions. The European Commission states that heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) installations account for about 50% of the energy consumed in dwellings. Indoor comfort conditions in buildings are influenced by factors such as building typology, materials, location, occupancy and external weather conditions. The analysis and design of ventilation and cooling systems requires a complex calculation that can be solved by building energy simulation tools. Natural ventilation combined with passive cooling systems can reduce the cooling energy demand in residential buildings. However, the main difficulty in designing natural ventilation systems driven by buoyancy and wind is the simultaneous estimation of ventilation airflows and indoor temperatures. This study has solved this problem by developing a tool that combines a ventilation model (envelope flow) with a multi-zone thermal model of a bioclimatic dwelling known as "La Casa de la Tierra". This building, located in Murcia (Spain), incorporates a central wind tower, four solar chimneys and building elements with thermal inertia capacity. The ventilation and thermal models were fully integrated and solved simultaneously. The study included experimental validation of the models with data collected on site. Different passive cooling strategies were also simulated, combining natural ventilation induced by the wind tower and solar chimneys with passive geothermal and evaporative cooling systems. Finally, a passive downdraft evaporative cooling system consisting of a direct evaporative cooling pad made of plastic mesh was proposed and simulated in the reference house for different locations (Alicante, Bilbao, Burgos, Lisbon, Madrid, Malaga and Rome), based on the empirical model developed by other authors belonging to the research group of the Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Energy of the Miguel Hernández University of Elche. In this study, the performance and applicability of the system was evaluated through the analysis of several proposed indexes. These results contribute to raising awareness of the role that passive strategies can play in achieving the targets set by the EU for the energy efficiency of residential buildings.

Keywords

:6 - Ciencias aplicadas::62 - Ingeniería. Tecnología [CDU], Procesos de refrigeración, Edificación, CDU::6 - Ciencias aplicadas::62 - Ingeniería. Tecnología, Transmisión del calor, Tecnología energética

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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