The railway sector is essential to economic growth and connectivity, offering efficient and sustainable transport solutions. However, growing threats from climate change and natural disasters are placing increasing strain on railway infrastructure. To maintain long-term operational stability, resilience must be embedded into the planning, investment, and management of railway systems. This starts with high-level risk mapping to identify vulnerabilities, followed by assessments of infrastructure exposure and potential economic impacts. These insights guide the development of adaptation strategies and inform policy and investment decisions that prioritize durable, reliable systems.