This study uses a mixed methods approach to assess the supply and demand of formal childcare services for children under 5 years old, and their potential impact on female labor force participation. It provides a review of regulations and policies in Jordan, characterizes and maps the supply of services, identifies households’ childcare needs, and offers recommendations for policy and programmatic action. Findings show that that the licensed nurseries only have the capacity to serve less than 3% of children under five. There is a sizeable untapped demand: almost a third of mothers currently not using formal childcare would be willing to do so, and half of them are willing to pay for it. However, quality, accessibility and affordability remain issues to be tackled.